Editing Rosalind Franklin (section)

===Alleged sexism toward Franklin<!-- this wording is result of a talk-page discussion-->===
Anne Sayre, Franklin's friend and one of her biographers, says in her 1975 book, ''[[Rosalind Franklin and DNA]]: '' "In 1951&nbsp;... King's College London as an institution, was not distinguished for the welcome that it offered to women&nbsp;... Rosalind&nbsp;... was unused to ''[[purdah]]'' [a religious and social institution of female seclusion]&nbsp;... there was one other female on the laboratory staff".<ref>Sayre, p. 96.</ref> The [[molecular biology|molecular biologist]] Andrzej Stasiak notes: "Sayre's book became widely cited in feminist circles for exposing rampant sexism in science."<ref name=stasiak>{{cite journal |last1=Stasiak |first1=Andrzej |title=Rosalind Franklin |journal=EMBO Reports |date=March 2001 |volume=2 |issue=3 |page=181 |doi=10.1093/embo-reports/kve037 |pmc=1083834 }}</ref> Farooq Hussain says: "there were seven women in the biophysics department&nbsp;... [[Jean Hanson]] became an FRS, [[Dame Honor B. Fell]], Director of [[Strangeways Laboratory]], supervised the biologists".<ref name="Hussain1975">{{cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Farooq |title=Did Rosalind Franklin deserve DNA Nobel prize? |date=20 November 1975 |journal=[[New Scientist]] |volume=68 |issue=976 |page=470 }}</ref> Maddox, Franklin's biographer, states: "[[John Randall (physicist)|Randall]]&nbsp;... did have many women on his staff&nbsp;... they found him&nbsp;... sympathetic and helpful."<ref name="Maddox, p. 135">Maddox, p. 135.</ref>

Sayre asserts that "while the male staff at King's lunched in a large, comfortable, rather clubby dining room" the female staff of all ranks "lunched in the student's hall or away from the premises".<ref>Sayre, p. 97.</ref><ref>Bryson, B. (2004), p. 490.</ref> However, Elkin claims that most of the [[Medical Research Council (UK)|MRC]] group (including Franklin) typically ate lunch together in the mixed dining room discussed below.<ref name="Elkin 45"/> And Maddox says, of Randall: "He liked to see his flock, men and women, come together for morning coffee, and at lunch in the joint dining room, where he ate with them nearly every day."<ref name="Maddox, p. 135"/> Francis Crick also commented that "her colleagues treated men and women scientists alike".<ref>Crick, p. 68.</ref>

Sayre also discusses at length Franklin's struggle in pursuing science, particularly her father's concern about women in academic professions.<ref>Sayre, pp. 42–45.</ref> This account had led to accusations of sexism in regard to Ellis Franklin's attitude to his daughter. A good deal of information explicitly claims that he strongly opposed her entering Newnham College.<ref>McGrayne, p. 6.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rosalind Franklin |url=http://www.mphpa.org/classic/HF/Biographies%20-%20Women/franklin.htm |website=The Manhattan Project Heritage Preservation Association, Inc. |access-date=13 February 2015 |archive-date=1 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501171514/http://mphpa.org/classic/HF/Biographies%20-%20Women/franklin.htm  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Jone Johnson |title=Rosalind Franklin |url=http://womenshistory.about.com/od/sciencechemistry/p/franklin_dna.htm |website=About Education |access-date=13 February 2015 |archive-date=19 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219090941/http://womenshistory.about.com/od/sciencechemistry/p/franklin_dna.htm  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rosalind Franklin |url=http://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/people/Franklin |website=What is Biotechnology |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> The [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) biography of Franklin goes further, stating that he refused to pay her fees, and that an aunt stepped in to do that for her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rosalind Franklin |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bofran.html |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Her sister, Jenifer Glynn, has stated that those stories are myths, and that her parents fully supported Franklin's entire career.<ref name=glynn12>{{cite journal |last1=Glynn |first1=Jenifer |title=Remembering my sister Rosalind Franklin |journal=The Lancet |year=2012 |volume=379 |issue=9821 |pages=1094–1095 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60452-8 |pmid=22451966|s2cid=32832643 }}</ref>

Sexism is said to pervade the memoir of one peer, James Watson, in his book ''The Double Helix'', published 10 years after Franklin's death and after Watson had returned from Cambridge to Harvard.<ref name="Harding2006">{{cite book |last=Harding |first=Sandra |title=Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6jZAAAAMAAJ |access-date=10 January 2011 |date=2006 |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |isbn=978-0-252-07304-5 |page=71 |chapter=Sexist criticism of Watson's memoir |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snuYsNzTqOwC&q=%22The+Double+Helix%22+sexism&pg=PA71 |place=Urbana}}</ref> His Cambridge colleague, Peter Pauling, wrote in a letter, "Morris [''sic''] Wilkins is supposed to be doing this work; Miss Franklin is evidently a fool."<ref>{{cite web |title=Quotes by or related to Rosalind Franklin |url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/quotes/rosalind_franklin.html |publisher=Oregon State University Libraries |access-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918192430/http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/dna/quotes/rosalind_franklin.html |archive-date=18 September 2016  }}</ref> Crick acknowledges later, "I'm afraid we always used to adopt&nbsp;– let's say, a ''patronizing'' attitude towards her."<ref>McGrayne, p. 318.</ref>

Glynn accuses Sayre of erroneously making her sister a feminist heroine,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Glynn |first1=J. |title=Rosalind Franklin: 50 years on |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society |year=2008 |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=253–255 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2007.0052|doi-access=free}}</ref> and sees Watson's ''The Double Helix'' as the root of what she calls the "Rosalind Industry". She conjectures that the stories of alleged sexism would "have embarrassed her [Rosalind Franklin] almost as much as Watson's account would have upset her",<ref name=glynn12 /> and declared that "she [Rosalind] was never a feminist."<ref>Glynn, p. 158.</ref> Klug and Crick have also concurred that Franklin was definitely not a feminist.<ref>Crick, p. 69.</ref>

Franklin's letter to her parents in January 1939 is often taken as reflecting her own prejudiced attitude, and the claim that she was "not immune to the sexism rampant in these circles". In the letter, she remarked that one lecturer was "very good, though female".<ref name="Wertheimer2007">{{cite book |last1=Wertheimer |first1=Michael |last2=Clamar |first2=Aphrodite |last3=Siderits |first3=Mary Anne |editor1-last=Gavin |editor1-first=Eileen A. |editor2-last=Clamar |editor2-first=Aphrodite |editor3-last=Siderits |editor3-first=Mary Anne |title=Women of Vision: Their Psychology, Circumstances, and Successes |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |place=New York |isbn=978-0-8261-0253-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVdvhZ0R540C |access-date=10 January 2011 |chapter=The Case of the Purloined Picture: Rosalind Franklin and the Keystone of the Double Helix }}</ref> Maddox maintains that was a circumstantial comment rather than an example of gender bias, and that it was an expression of admiration because, at the time, woman teachers of science were a rarity. In fact, Maddox says, Franklin laughed at men who were embarrassed by the appointment of the first female professor at [[Oxbridge]], [[Dorothy Garrod]].<ref>Maddox, p. 48.</ref>