Editing Romanization (section)

===Indic (Brahmic) scripts===
{{See also|Devanagari transliteration|Romanization of Bengali|Romanisation of Malayalam}}

The [[Brahmic family]] of [[abugida]]s is used for languages of the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia. There is a long tradition in the west to study [[Sanskrit]] and other Indic texts in Latin transliteration. Various transliteration conventions have been used for Indic scripts since the time of Sir William Jones.<ref>{{cite web |author=Gabriel Pradīpaka |url=http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3part2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040315080622/http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/english/sanskrit/sanskrit3part2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-03-15 |title=Sanskrit 3: comparing transliteration systems |work=Sanskrit-Sanscrito.com.ar |access-date=2013-04-25}}</ref>
* [[ISO 15919]] (2001): A standard [[transliteration]] convention was codified in the ISO 15919 standard. It uses [[diacritic]]s to map the much larger set of Brahmic [[consonant]]s and [[vowel]]s to the Latin script. The Devanagari-specific portion is very similar to the academic standard, [[IAST]]: "International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration", and to the United States Library of Congress standard, [[ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/hindi.pdf |title=Hindi |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> although there are a few differences
* The [[National Library at Kolkata romanization]], intended for the romanization of all [[Brahmic family|Indic scripts]], is an extension of [[IAST]]
* [[Harvard-Kyoto]]: Uses upper and lower case and doubling of letters, to avoid the use of diacritics, and to restrict the range to 7-bit ASCII.
* [[ITRANS]]: a transliteration scheme into 7-bit ASCII created by [[Avinash Chopde]] that used to be prevalent on [[Usenet]].
* [[ISCII]] (1988)

==== Devanagari–nastaʿlīq (Hindustani) ====
[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] with extreme [[digraphia]] and [[diglossia]] resulting from the [[Hindi–Urdu controversy]] starting in the 1800s. Technically, Hindustani itself is recognized by neither the language community nor any governments. Two [[Standard language|standardized]] [[Register (sociolinguistics)|registers]], [[Standard Hindi]] and [[Standard Urdu]], are recognized as [[official language]]s in India and Pakistan. However, in practice the situation is,
* In Pakistan: Standard (Saaf or Khaalis) Urdu is the "high" variety, whereas Hindustani is the "low" variety used by the masses (called Urdu, written in [[nastaʿlīq script]]).
* In India, both Standard (Shuddh) Hindi and Standard (Saaf or Khaalis) Urdu are the "H" varieties (written in [[devanagari]] and nastaʿlīq respectively), whereas Hindustani is the "L" variety used by the masses and written in either devanagari or nastaʿlīq (and called 'Hindi' or 'Urdu' respectively).

The digraphia renders any work in either script largely inaccessible to users of the other script, though otherwise Hindustani is a perfectly mutually intelligible language, essentially meaning that any kind of text-based [[open source]] collaboration is impossible among devanagari and nastaʿlīq readers.

Initiated in 2011, the Hamari Boli Initiative<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hamariboli.com |title=What is HamariBoli? |work=HamariBoli |date=2011-06-15 |access-date=2013-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601231148/http://www.hamariboli.com/ |archive-date=2013-06-01}}</ref> is a full-scale open-source [[language planning]] initiative aimed at Hindustani script, style, status & lexical reform and modernization. One of primary stated objectives of Hamari Boli is to relieve Hindustani of the crippling devanagari–nastaʿlīq digraphia by way of romanization.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-84689-Hamari-boli-angraizon-ke-rasmul-khat-mein ''The News International'' - Dec 29, 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616173554/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-84689-Hamari-boli-angraizon-ke-rasmul-khat-mein |date=June 16, 2013}} – "Hamari Boli (our language) is perhaps one of the very first serious undertakings to explore, develop and encourage the growth of Roman script in the use of Urdu/Hindi language."</ref>