Editing Robert Hooke (section)

== Architecture ==
[[File:MK WillenChurch01.JPG|upright 0.75|thumb|[[Church of St Mary Magdalene, Willen|Church of St Mary Magdalene]] at [[Willen]], [[Milton Keynes]], designed by Hooke]]
[[File:Bull and Mouth Street from Ogilby & Morgan's map.jpg |thumb |upright 0.75|Detail from Ogilby and Morgan's "most accurate Survey of the City of London  and {{notatypo|Libertyes therof}}"{{sfnp|Ogilby|Morgan|1677}}]] 

Robert Hooke was Surveyor to the City of London and chief assistant to Christopher Wren, in which capacities he helped Wren rebuild London after the [[Great Fire of London|Great Fire of 1666]].{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=5}} Hooke designed the [[Monument to the Great Fire of London]] (1672),{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=130}}{{sfnp|Gribbin|Gribbin|2017|pp=76, 77}}{{efn|The plaque on the structure that attributes it to Wren is not correct.{{sfnp|Gribbin|Gribbin|2017|pp=76, 77}}}}  [[Montagu House, Bloomsbury|Montagu House in Bloomsbury]] (1674){{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=123}} and [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] (1674), which became known as "Bedlam".{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=131}} Other buildings Hooke designed include the [[Royal College of Physicians]] (1679);{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=122}} [[Aske's Hospital]] (1679),{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|pp=388, 389}} [[Ragley Hall]], Warwickshire (1680);{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=285}} the [[Church of St Mary Magdalene, Willen|Church of St Mary Magdalene]] at [[Willen]], Buckinghamshire (1680){{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=370}} and [[Ramsbury Manor]], Wiltshire (1681).{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=288}} He worked on many of the London churches that were rebuilt after the fire; Hooke was generally subcontracted by Wren; from 1671 to 1696, Wren's office paid Hooke £2,820 in fees,{{efn|About £{{inflation|UK|2820|1668| fmt=c|r=-3}} today.}} more than he ever earned from his Royal Society and Cutler Lectureship posts.{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=125}}

Wren and Hooke were both keen astronomers. The Monument to the Great Fire of London was designed to serve a scientific function as a [[zenith telescope]] for astronomical observation, though traffic vibration made it unusable for this purpose.{{sfnp|Vickery|2014}}{{sfnp|Gorvett|2017}} The legacy of this can be observed in the construction of the [[spiral staircase]], which has no central column, and in the observation chamber, which remains in place below ground level. He also collaborated with Wren on the design of [[St Paul's Cathedral, London|St Paul's Cathedral]]; Hooke determined the ideal shape of an arch is an inverted [[catenary]] and thence that a circular series of such arches makes an ideal shape for the cathedral's  dome.{{sfnp|Gribbin|Gribbin|2017|pp=80, 81}}

In the reconstruction after the Great Fire, Hooke proposed redesigning London's streets on a grid pattern with wide boulevards and arteries,{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=89}} for which Wren and others also submitted proposals. The King decided both the prospective cost of building and compensation, and the need to quickly restore trade and population meant the city would be rebuilt on the original property lines.{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=90}} Hooke was given the task of surveying the ruins to identify foundations, street edges and property boundaries. He was closely involved with the drafting of an [[Court of Common Council|Act of Common Council]] (April 1667), which set out the process by which the original foundations would be formally recognised and certificated.{{sfnp|Jardine|2003|p=154}} According to [[Lisa Jardine]]: "in the four weeks from the 4th of October, [Hooke] helped map the fire-damaged area, began compiling a Land Information System for London, and drew up building regulations for an Act of Parliament to govern the rebuilding".{{sfnp|Jardine|2003|p=147}} Stephen Inwood said: "the surveyors' reports, which were generally written by Hooke, show an admirable ability to get to the nub of intricate neighbourly squabbles, and to produce a crisp and judicious recommendation from a tangle of claims and counter-claims".{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|p=93}}

Hooke also had to measure and certify land that would be [[eminent domain|compulsorily purchased]] for the planned road widening so compensation could be paid.{{sfnp|Jardine|2003|p=156}} In 1670, he was appointed Surveyor of the Royal Works.{{sfnp|Jardine|2003|p=149}}  Hooke's precise and detailed surveys enabled the production in 1677 of [[John Ogilby|Ogilby]] and Morgan's large-scale map of London,{{sfnp|Ogilby|Morgan|1677}} the first-known to be of a specific scale (1:1200).{{sfnp|Inwood|2003|pp=131, 132}}