Editing Rice (section)

== Food ==

{{Infobox nutritional value
| name=Cooked white rice, medium-grain, unenriched
| water=69 g
| kJ=544
| protein=2.4 g
| fat=0.2 g
| carbs=28.6 g
| calcium_mg=3
| iron_mg=0.2
| magnesium_mg=13
| phosphorus_mg=37
| potassium_mg=29
| sodium_mg=0
| zinc_mg=0.4
| manganese_mg=0.38
| thiamin_mg=0.02
| riboflavin_mg=0.02
| niacin_mg=0.4
| pantothenic_mg=0.41
| vitB6_mg=0.05
| folate_ug=2
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168930/nutrients FoodData Central  entry]}}

{{main|Rice as food}}

=== Eating qualities ===

Rice is a commonly-eaten food around the world. The [[List of rice varieties|varieties of rice]] are typically classified as short-, medium-, and long-grained. ''Oryza sativa indica'' varieties are usually long-grained; ''Oryza sativa japonica'' varieties are usually short- or medium-grained. Short-grain rice, with the exception of Spanish Bomba, is usually sticky when cooked, and is suitable for puddings. Thai [[Jasmine rice]] is aromatic, and unusually for a long-grain rice has some stickiness, with a soft texture. Indian [[Basmati|Basmati rice]] is very long-grained and aromatic. Italian [[Arborio rice]], used for [[risotto]], is of medium length, oval, and quite sticky. Japanese [[sushi]] rice is a sticky short-grain variety.<ref name="Rice Association">{{cite web |title=Types of rice |url=https://www.riceassociation.org.uk/types-of-rice |publisher=The Rice Association |access-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324115843/https://www.riceassociation.org.uk/types-of-rice |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Nutrition ===

Cooked white rice is 69% water, 29% [[carbohydrate]]s, 2% [[protein (nutrient)|protein]], and contains negligible [[fat]] (table). In a reference serving of {{convert|100|g}}, cooked white rice provides 130 [[calorie]]s of [[food energy]], and contains moderate levels of [[Manganese in biology|manganese]] (18% DV), with no other [[micronutrient]]s in significant content (all less than 10% of the [[Daily Value]]).<ref name="USDA FoodData Central">{{cite web |title=FoodData Central: Rice, white, medium-grain, cooked, unenriched |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168930/nutrients |publisher=[[US Department of Agriculture]] |access-date=December 5, 2023 |date=April 2018 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523232832/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168930/nutrients |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2018, the [[World Health Organization]] strongly recommended [[food fortification|fortifying]] rice with [[iron]], and conditionally recommended fortifying it with [[vitamin A]] and with [[folic acid]].<ref name="whoguide">{{cite book |last1=L. M. |first1=De-Regil |last2=J. P. |first2=Peña-Rosas |last3=A. |first3=Laillou |last4=R. |first4=Moench-Pfanner |last5=L. A. |first5=Mejia |last6=A. M. |first6=Bower |last7=S. |first7=de Pee |last8=L. M. |first8=De-Regil |last9=P. S. |first9=Suchdev |last10=G. E. |first10=Vist |last11=S. |first11=Walleser |last12=J. P. |first12=Peña-Rosas |last13=N. B. |first13=Piccoli |last14=N. |first14=Grede |last15=S. |first15=de Pee |last16=A. |first16=Singhkumarwong |last17=E. |first17=Roks |last18=R. |first18=Moench-Pfanner |last19=M. W. |first19=Bloem |display-authors=5 |title=Guideline: Fortification of Rice with Vitamins and Minerals as a Public Health Strategy |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |date=2018 |pmid=30307723 |isbn=978-92-4-155029-1 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531762/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |archive-date=March 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321173909/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531762/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Golden rice ===

{{main|Golden rice}}

Golden rice is a variety produced through [[genetic engineering]] to synthesize [[beta-carotene]], a precursor of vitamin A, in the [[endosperm]] of the rice grain. It is intended to be grown and eaten in parts of the world where [[Vitamin A deficiency]] is prevalent.<ref name="Golden Rice">{{cite web |title=Golden Rice Q&A |url=http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why3_FAQ.php#Solution |publisher=Golden Rice Project |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214011041/https://www.goldenrice.org/Content3-Why/why3_FAQ.php#Solution |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Ye Al-Babili Klöti Zhang 2000 pp. 303–305">{{cite journal |last1=Ye |first1=Xudong |last2=Al-Babili |first2=Salim |last3=Klöti |first3=Andreas |last4=Zhang |first4=Jing |last5=Lucca |first5=Paola |last6=Beyer |first6=Peter |last7=Potrykus |first7=Ingo |author7-link=Ingo Potrykus |display-authors=5 |title=Engineering the Provitamin A (β-Carotene) Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice Endosperm |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=287 |issue=5451 |date=January 14, 2000 |doi=10.1126/science.287.5451.303 |pages=303–305 |pmid=10634784 |bibcode=2000Sci...287..303Y |s2cid=40258379 }}</ref> Golden rice has been opposed by activists, such as in the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lynas |first=Mark |date=August 26, 2013 |title=Anti-GMO Activists Lie About Attack on Rice Crop (and About So Many Other Things) |url=https://slate.com/technology/2013/08/golden-rice-attack-in-philippines-anti-gmo-activists-lie-about-protest-and-safety.html |access-date=August 21, 2021 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate Magazine]] |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901014927/https://slate.com/technology/2013/08/golden-rice-attack-in-philippines-anti-gmo-activists-lie-about-protest-and-safety.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016 more than 100 [[Nobel laureate]]s encouraged the use of [[genetically modified organism]]s, such as golden rice, for the benefits these could bring.<ref name="Roberts 2018">{{cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Richard J. |title=The Nobel Laureates' Campaign Supporting GMOs |journal=Journal of Innovation & Knowledge |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=2018 |doi=10.1016/j.jik.2017.12.006 |pages=61–65 |doi-access=free }}</ref>