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===Hinduism=== {{Main|Śruti|Apaurusheyatva}} [[Śruti]], Sanskrit for "that which is heard", refers to the body of most authoritative, ancient [[religious text]]s comprising the central canon of [[Hinduism]].<ref name=jameslochtefeld/> It includes the four [[Vedas]] including its four types of embedded texts—the [[Samhitas]], the early [[Upanishads]].<ref name=wendydof>Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty (1988), Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism, Manchester University Press, {{ISBN|0-7190-1867-6}}, pages 2–3</ref> Śrutis have been variously described as a revelation through ''anubhava'' (direct experience),<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Myers|title=Brahman: A Comparative Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JfncAAAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-83572-8 |pages=104–112}}</ref> or of primordial origins realized by ancient [[Rishis]].<ref name=jameslochtefeld>James Lochtefeld (2002), "Shruti", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|9780823931798}}, page 645</ref> In Hindu tradition, they have been referred to as ''apauruṣeya'' (not created by humans).<ref>P Bilimoria (1998), 'The Idea of Authorless Revelation', in Indian Philosophy of Religion (Editor: Roy Perrett), {{ISBN|978-94-010-7609-8}}, Springer Netherlands, pages 3, 143–166</ref> The ''Śruti'' texts themselves assert that they were skillfully created by [[Rishi]]s (sages), after inspired creativity, just as a carpenter builds a chariot.<ref name=scharfe>Hartmut Scharfe (2002), Handbook of Oriental Studies, BRILL Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004125568}}, pages 13–14</ref>
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