Editing Quran (section)

== Significance in Islam ==
{{Islam |texts}}
[[File:Talismanic Shirt MET ISL108.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Talismanic tunic, North India-Deccan, Metropolitan Museum]]
Quran says, "We have sent down the Quran in truth, and with the truth it has come down"<ref>See:* {{harvnb|Corbin|1993|page=12}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wild|first=Stefan|title=The Quʼran as Text|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|year=1996|isbn=978-90-04-09300-3|pages=137, 138, 141, 147 |ref=none}} 
* {{qref|2|97|b=y}}, {{qref|17|105}}</ref> and frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained.<ref name="jenssen2001">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Jenssen |first=H. |editor-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe |editor-last=McAuliffe |editor-first=Jane Dammen |chapter=Arabic Language |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān |date=2001 |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |volume=1 |pages=127–35}}</ref> The Quran speaks of a written pre-text that records God's speech before it is sent down, the "preserved tablet" that is the basis of [[Predestination in Islam|the belief in fate]] also, and Muslims believe that the Quran was sent down or started to be sent down on the [[Laylat al-Qadr]].<ref name="tsonn">{{cite book|last = Sonn|first = Tamara|title = Islam: a brief history|year = 2010|publisher = Wiley-Blackwell|isbn = 978-1-4051-8093-1|edition = Second}}</ref><ref>{{qref|85|22|b=y}}</ref>

Revered by pious Muslims as "the holy of holies",<ref name=AGI1954:74>[[#AGI1954|Guillaume, ''Islam'', 1954]]: p.74</ref> whose sound moves some to "tears and ecstasy",<ref name="meanings-iii">{{cite book |last1=Pickthall |first1=M.M. |title=The Glorious Qur'an |date=1981 |publisher=Iqra' Book Center|location=Chicago IL|page=vii}}</ref> it is the physical symbol of the faith, the text often used as a charm on occasions of birth, death, marriage. Traditionally, before starting [[recitation|to read the Quran]], [[Ritual purification|ablution]] is performed, one seeks refuge in Allah from the accursed [[Satan]], and the reading begins by mentioning the names of Allah, [[Rahman (name)|Rahman]] and [[Rahim]] together known as [[basmala]]. Consequently,
<blockquote> It must never rest beneath other books, but always on top of them, one must never drink or smoke when it is being read aloud, and it must be listened to in silence. It is a talisman against disease and disaster.<ref name=AGI1954:74 /><ref name=iWWINaM1995:105>[[#iWWINaM1995|Ibn Warraq, ''Why I'm Not a Muslim'', 1995]]: p.105</ref></blockquote>

According to Islam, the Quran is the word of God ({{Transliteration|ar|Kalām Allāh}}). Its nature and [[Quranic createdness|whether it was created]] became a matter of fierce debate among religious scholars;<ref name="WMP1897:54">[[#WMP1897|Patton, ''Ibn Ḥanbal and the Miḥna'', 1897]]: p.54</ref><ref name="Ruthven-192">{{cite book |last1=Ruthven |first1=Malise |title=Islam in the World |date=1984 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530503-6 |page=192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92lQfWj6_VIC&q=uncreated+quran&pg=PA192 |access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> and with the involvement of the political authority in the discussions, some Muslim religious scholars who stood against the political stance [[mihna|faced]] [[religious persecution]] during the [[Caliphate|caliph]] [[al-Ma'mun]] period and the following years.

Muslims believe that the present Quranic text corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran {{qref|15|9|pl=y}}, it is protected from corruption ("Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardians").<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mir Sajjad Ali |author2=Zainab Rahman |title=Islam and Indian Muslims|year=2010|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|isbn=978-81-7835-805-5|page=21}}</ref> Muslims consider the Quran to be a [[Miracles of Muhammad|sign of the prophethood of Muhammad]] and the truth of the religion. For this reason, in traditional Islamic societies, great importance was given to children memorizing the Quran, and those who memorized the entire Quran were honored with the title of [[Hafiz (Quran)|hafiz]]. Even today, millions of Muslims frequently refer to the Quran to justify their actions and desires",{{Efn|professor emeritus of Islamic thought at the University of Paris, Algerian Mohammed Arkoun.<ref name="what-atlantic-1999">{{cite journal |journal=Atlantic |last1=LESTER |first1=TOBY |date= January 1999  |title=What Is the Koran? | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/01/what-is-the-koran/304024/ |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref>}} and see it as the source of scientific knowledge,<ref name="Guessoum-2008">{{cite journal |last1=Guessoum |first1=Nidhal |title=ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE |journal=Zygon |date=June 2008 |volume=43 |issue=2 |page=411+ |url=https://www.academia.edu/1447032 |access-date=15 April 2019 |issn=0591-2385|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> though some refer to it as [[pseudoscience|weird or pseudoscience]].<ref name="SARDAR-2008">{{cite journal |last1=SARDAR |first1=ZIAUDDIN |title=Weird science |journal=New Statesman |date=21 August 2008 |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/books/2008/08/quran-muslim-scientific |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref>

Muslims believe the Quran to be God's literal words,<ref name="Britannica" /> a complete code of life,<ref name="Carroll-Q-H">{{cite web |last1=Carroll |first1=Jill |title=The Quran & Hadith |url=https://www.world-religions-professor.com/quran.html |access-date=10 July 2019 |website=World Religions}}</ref> the final revelation to humanity, a work of divine guidance revealed to [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]] through the [[Holy Spirit (Islam)|angel Gabriel]].<ref name = LivRlgP338 /><ref>Watton, Victor (1993), ''A student's approach to world religions: Islam'', Hodder & Stoughton, p. 1. {{ISBN|978-0-340-58795-9}}</ref><ref name="Lambert">{{cite book |last1=Lambert |first1=Gray |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sV0mAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA287 |title=The Leaders Are Coming! |date=2013 |publisher=WestBow Press |isbn=978-1-4497-6013-7 |page=287}}</ref><ref name="Williams & Drew">{{cite book |author1=Roy H. Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mygRHh6p40kC&pg=PA143 |title=Pendulum: How Past Generations Shape Our Present and Predict Our Future |author2=Michael R. Drew |date=2012 |publisher=Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1-59315-706-7 |page=143 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On the other hand it is believed in Muslim community that full understanding of it can only be possible with the depths obtained in the basic and religious sciences that the [[ulema]] ([[imams]] in [[shia]]<ref>{{harvnb|Corbin|1993|p=30}}</ref>) might access, as "heirs of the prophets".<ref>{{cite web |title=Book 26, Hadith 1 Chapter: Regarding the virtue of knowledge |url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud:3641 |date=2024-08-31}}</ref> For this reason, direct reading of the Quran or applications based on its literal translations are considered problematic except for some groups such as [[Quranists]] thinking that the Quran is a complete and clear book;<ref>Jens Zimmermann, ''Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction'', Oxford University Press, 2015, pg. 90</ref> and [[tafsir]] / [[fiqh]] are brought fore to correct understandings in it. With a classical approach, scholars will discuss verses of the Quran in [[Context (linguistics)|context]] called [[asbab al-nuzul]] in islamic literature, as well as language and linguistics; will pass it through filters such as [[Muhkam and Mutashabih|muhkam and mutashabih]], [[Naskh (tafsir)|nasıkh and abrogated]]; will open the closed expressions and try to guide the believers. There is no standardization in Quran translations,<ref name="files.eric.ed.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1128456.pdf|title=Translation of the Holy Quran: A Call for Standardization}}</ref> and interpretations range from traditional scholastic, to [[Quranic literalism|literalist]]-[[salafist]] understandings to [[Esoteric interpretation of the Quran|Esoteric]]-[[Sufist]], to [[Islamic modernism|modern]] and [[secular]] [[exegesis]] according to the personal scientific depth and tendencies of scholars.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) |url=https://eprints.um.edu.my/6019/1/7.pdf |date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830223711/https://eprints.um.edu.my/6019/1/7.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2024 }}</ref>

=== In worship ===
{{See also|Salah}}
Surah [[Al-Fatiha]], the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in full in every [[Rak'a|rakat]] of [[salah]] and on other occasions. This sura, which consists of seven verses, is the most often recited surah of the Quran:<ref name=Britannica />
[[File:Jemaah salat tarawih.jpg|thumb|While standing in prayers, worshipers recite the first chapter of the Quran, [[al-Fatiha]], followed by any other section]]
{{Listen
|filename=Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3
|title=''Al-Fatiha''
|pos=right
|description= Recitation of Al-Fatiha in [[mujawwad]].
|format=[[Mp3]]
}}
{{Verse translation | lang = ar | italicsoff = yes | rtl1 = yes
|{{Script|Arab|بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ
صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ}}
|In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds —
The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
It is You we worship and You we ask for help
Guide us to the straight path—
The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.|attr1={{qref|1|1-7|b=y}}|attr2=''[[Sahih International]]'' English translation
}}

Other sections of the Quran of choice are also read in daily prayers. Sura [[Al-Ikhlāṣ]] is second in frequency of Quran recitation, for according to many early authorities, [[Muhammad]] said that ''Ikhlāṣ'' is equivalent to one-third of the whole Quran.<ref>[[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] (2015), ''The Study Quran'', HarperCollins, p. 1578.</ref>

{{Verse translation | lang = ar | italicsoff = yes | rtl1 = yes
|{{Script|Arab|
قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ
لَمۡ یَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ یُولَدۡ
وَلَمۡ یَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ 
}}
|Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ "He is God—One ˹and Indivisible˺;
God—the Sustainer ˹needed by all˺.
He has never had offspring, nor was He born.
And there is none comparable to Him."
|attr1= Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ {{qref|112|1-4}} | attr2=''[[The Clear Quran]]'' English translation
}}

Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran {{qref|56|79|pl=y}} ("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water ([[wudu]] or [[ghusl]]) before touching a copy of the Quran, although this view is not universal.<ref name=Britannica />

Worn-out and old copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/02/afghan_quran_burning_protests_what_s_the_right_way_to_dispose_of_a_quran_.html|title=Afghan Quran-burning protests: What's the right way to dispose of a Quran?|website=Slate Magazine|date=22 February 2012}}</ref> While praying, the Quran is only recited in Arabic.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Street |first=Brian V. |author-link=Brian V. Street |title=Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives |date=2001 |page=193}}</ref>

In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology, [[Islamic philosophy|philosophy]], [[Sufism|mysticism]] and [[Fiqh|jurisprudence]], have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings.<ref name=Britannica /> Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called {{Transliteration|ar|ajr}}, ''[[thawab]]'', or {{Transliteration|ar|hasanat}}.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sengers |first1=Erik|title=Dutch and Their Gods|date=2005|page=129}}</ref>

=== In Islamic art ===
The Quran also inspired [[Islamic art]]s and specifically the so-called Quranic arts of [[Islamic calligraphy|calligraphy]] and [[Ottoman illumination|illumination]].<ref name=Britannica /> The Quran is never decorated with figurative images, but many Qurans have been highly decorated with decorative patterns in the margins of the page, or between the lines or at the start of suras. Islamic verses appear in many other media, on buildings and on objects of all sizes, such as [[mosque lamp]]s, metal work, [[Islamic pottery|pottery]] and single pages of calligraphy for [[muraqqa]]s or albums.

<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px">
File:Brooklyn Museum - Calligraphy - 3.jpg|[[Calligraphy]], 18th century, [[Brooklyn Museum]].
File:Quran inscriptions on wall, Lodhi Gardens, Delhi.jpg|Quranic inscriptions, [[Bara Gumbad|Bara Gumbad mosque]], [[Delhi]], [[India]].
File:Mosque lamp Met 91.1.1534.jpg|Typical [[mosque lamp]], of [[enamelled glass]], with the ''[[Verse of Light|Ayat an-Nur]]'' or "Verse of Light" (24:35).
File:Muhammad ibn Mustafa Izmiri - Right Side of an Illuminated Double-page Incipit - Walters W5771B - Full Page.jpg|Quran page decoration art, Ottoman period.
File:Mausolées du groupe nord (Shah-i-Zinda, Samarcande) (6016470147).jpg|Quranic verses, Shahizinda mausoleum, [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]].
File:4.8-17-1990-Guld-koranside-recto-og-verso.jpg|The leaves from Quran written in gold and contoured with brown ink with a horizontal format suited to [[Kufic|classical Kufic calligraphy]], which became common under the early [[List of Abbasid caliphs|Abbasid caliphs]].
File:Quran rzabasi1.JPG|9th-century Quran in the [[Reza Abbasi Museum]]
File:Shikastah script.jpg|''Shikasta nastaliq'' script, 18th–19th centuries
</gallery>