Editing Psilocybin (section)

===Psychiatric adverse effects===
Panic reactions can occur after consumption of psilocybin-containing mushrooms, especially if the ingestion is accidental or otherwise unexpected. Reactions characterized by violent behavior, suicidal thoughts,<ref name="Peden1982" /> schizophrenia-like [[psychosis]],<ref name="Vollenweider1998" /><ref name="Hyde1978" /> and [[convulsion]]s<ref name="Mack1983" /> have been reported in the literature. A 2005 survey conducted in the United Kingdom found that almost a quarter of those who had used psilocybin mushrooms in the past year had experienced a panic attack.<ref name="Amsterdam2011" /> {{Failed verification|date=April 2023}} Less frequently reported adverse effects include paranoia, [[confusion]], prolonged [[derealization]] (disconnection from reality), and [[mania]].<ref name="CarhartHarris2010" /> Psilocybin usage can temporarily induce a state of [[Depersonalization-derealization disorder|depersonalization disorder]].<ref name="Simeon2011" /> Usage by those with [[schizophrenia]] can induce acute psychotic states requiring hospitalization.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nielen RJ, van der Heijden FM, Tuinier S, Verhoeven WM | title = Khat and mushrooms associated with psychosis | journal = The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 49–53 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 15048636 | doi = 10.1080/15622970410029908 | s2cid = 44321700 }}</ref>

The similarity of psilocybin-induced symptoms to those of schizophrenia has made the drug a useful research tool in behavioral and [[neuroimaging]] studies of schizophrenia.<ref name="Geyer1998" /><ref name="Vollenweider2001" /><ref name="Geyer2008" /> In both cases, psychotic symptoms are thought to arise from a "deficient gating of sensory and cognitive information" in the brain that leads to "cognitive fragmentation and psychosis".<ref name="Vollenweider2001" /> [[Flashback (psychology)|Flashbacks]] (spontaneous recurrences of a previous psilocybin experience) can occur long after psilocybin use. [[Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder]] (HPPD) is characterized by a continual presence of visual disturbances similar to those generated by psychedelic substances. Neither flashbacks nor HPPD are commonly associated with psilocybin usage,<ref name="Amsterdam2011" /> and correlations between HPPD and psychedelics are further obscured by [[polydrug use]] and other variables.<ref name="Myers1998" />