Editing Primary color (section)

=== Red, yellow, and blue as primary colors ===
{{redirect|Red, Blue, and Yellow|the video games|Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow}}

Numerous authors have taught that red, yellow, and blue (RYB) are the primary colors in art education materials since at least the 19th century, following the ideas introduced above from earlier centuries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osborn |first1=Laughton |year=1856 |title=Handbook of Young Artists and Amateurs in Oil Painting: Being Chiefly a Condensed Compilation from the Celebrated Manual of Bouvier ... Appended, A New Explanatory and Critical Vocabulary |publisher=J. Wiley & son |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K81NAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22primary+colors%22+painting&pg=PA382 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Calkins |first1=Norman Allison | year= 1888 |title=Primary Object Lessons: For Training the Senses and Developing the Faculties of Children ... |publisher=Harper & Bros. |page=195 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3wwUAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22primary+colors%22&pg=PA186 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=King |first1=John L. |title=Color mixing guide for artists, painters, decorators, printing pressmen, show card writers, sign painters, color mixers, give color mixtures by parts. |date=1923 |publisher=Fine Arts Publishing |url=https://archive.org/details/ColorMixingGuideForArtistsPaintersDecoratorsPrintingPressmenShow/page/n3/mode/2up |language=English}}</ref>

A wide variety of contemporary educational sources also describe the RYB primaries. These sources range from children's books<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vance |first1=Cynthia |title=Red, yellow, blue, and you |date=2008 |publisher=Abbeville Kids |location=New York |isbn=9780789209696 |edition=1st}}</ref> and art material manufacturers<ref>{{cite web |title=Crayola Support FAQ-What are the primary colors? |url=https://www.crayola.com/faq/another-topic/what-are-the-primary-colors/ |website=www.crayola.com |quote=What are the primary colors? Primary colors include red, blue, and yellow. Primary colors cannot be mixed from other colors. They are the source of all other colors.}}</ref> to painting<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pitcher |first1=Colette |title=Watercolor Painting For Dummies |date=16 March 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-05200-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_eu_9qDLhUC&q=%22primary%20colors%22%20 |language=en}}</ref> and color guides.<ref>{{cite book |title=Color Choices |author=Stephen Quiller |publisher=Watson–Guptill |year=2002 |isbn=0-8230-0697-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiUTZQj_v5QC&dq=what-is-a-color-wheel+spaced+red+yellow+blue&pg=PA12 }}</ref> Art education materials often suggest that RYB primaries can be mixed to create ''all'' other colors.<ref>{{cite web
| title      = Color
| url        = https://www.nga.gov/education/teachers/lessons-activities/elements-of-art/color.html
| website    = www.nga.gov
| access-date = 10 December 2017
| quote = "Red, blue, and yellow are the primary colors. With paints of just these three colors, artists can mix them to create all the other colors."
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Leidtke |first1=Amy |title=Leonardo's Art Workshop: Invent, Create, and Make STEAM Projects like a Genius |date=20 November 2018 |publisher=Rockport Publishers |isbn=978-1-63159-522-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvF6DwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

====Criticism====
[[Albert Henry Munsell|Albert Munsell]], an American painter (and creator of the early 20th century [[Munsell color system]]), referred to the notion of RYB primaries as "mischief", "a widely accepted error", and underspecified in his book ''A Color Notation'', first published in 1905.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Munsell |first1=A.H. |title=A Color Notation |date=1907 |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26054/26054-h/26054-h.htm |quote=The wide discrepancies of red, yellow, and blue, which have been falsely taught as primary colors, can no more be tuned by a child than the musical novice can tune his instrument. Each of these hues has three variable factors (see page 14, paragraph 14), and scientific tests are necessary to measure and relate their uneven degrees of Hue, Value, and Chroma.}}</ref>

Itten's ideas about RYB primaries have been criticized as ignoring modern color science<ref name="renzoshamey2020"/>{{rp|282|quote=For a three-dimensional model, Itten ignored the quantitative systems produced by Munsell and Ostwald and used a simple sphere externally resembling the one published by Runge in 1810.}} with demonstrations that some of Itten's claims about mixing RYB primaries are impossible.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hirschler |first1=Robert |last2=Csillag |first2=Paula |last3=Manyé |first3=Pablo |last4=Neder |first4=Mônica |title=How much colour science is not too much? |journal=Color Research & Application |quote=One of the most typical problems is that of trying to reproduce Itten's colour circle following his instructions. Students may get frustrated, because it is simply not possible to achieve acceptable results using the RYB 'primaries'. Figure 16 illustrates why it is impossible to reproduce Itten's colour circle following strictly his instructions. |date=December 2018 |volume=43 |issue=6 |page=987 |doi=10.1002/col.22275|s2cid=125461782 }}</ref>