Editing Political corruption (section)

===Gombeenism and parochialism===
[[File:UNCAC 1.png|thumb|[[United Nations Convention against Corruption]]]]
{{Main|Gombeen man|Parochialism}}
Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, often monetary, while parochialism, which is also known as parish pump politics, relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.<ref>{{cite book |first=R. K. |last=Carty |year=1944 |title=Party and Parish Pump: Electoral Politics in Ireland |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNtIeXsK1ocC&q=parish+pump+politics |isbn=9780889201057 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=O´Conaire |first=L. |year=2010 |title=Thinking Aloud; A Spark Can Destroy a Forest |publisher=Paragon Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OFBKr_AHFcMC&pg=PA9 |isbn=9781907611162 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shanklin |first=E. |year=1994 |chapter=Life Underneath the Market |editor-last=Chang |editor-first=C. |editor2-last=Koster |editor2-first=H. A. |title=Pastoralists at the Periphery: Herders in a Capitalist World |publisher=University of Arizona |isbn=9780816514304 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxrbWr4-TRoC&pg=PA119 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bresnihan |first=V. |year=1997 |chapter=Aspects of Irish Political Culture; A Hermeneutical Perspective |editor-last=Carver |editor-first=T. |editor2-last=Hyvarinen |editor2-first=M. |title=Interpreting the Political: New Methodologies |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134788446 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8G0POl84yoC&pg=PA60 }}</ref> For instance in Irish politics, [[Left-wing populism|populist left wing political parties]] will often apply these terms to [[The Establishment|mainstream establishment political parties]] and will cite the many cases of [[Corruption in Ireland]], such as the [[Post-2008 Irish banking crisis|Irish Banking crisis]], which found evidence of [[bribery]], [[cronyism]] and [[collusion]], where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with.