Editing Pipeline (section)

== Marine pipelines ==
{{Main|Submarine pipeline}}
In places, a pipeline may have to cross water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers.<ref name="Palmer&KingP.2">Palmer & King, pp. 2–3</ref> In many instances, they lie entirely on the seabed. These pipelines are referred to as "marine" pipelines (also, "submarine" or "offshore" pipelines). They are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important.<ref name="Palmer&KingP.2"/> In offshore projects, a distinction is made between a "flowline" and a pipeline.<ref name="Palmer&KingP.2"/><ref name="DeanP.338">Dean, p. 338</ref><ref name="Bai&BaiP.24">Bai & Bai, p. 22</ref> The former is an ''intrafield'' pipeline, in the sense that it is used to connect subsea [[wellhead]]s, manifolds and the [[oil platform|platform]] ''within'' a particular development field. The latter, sometimes referred to as an "export pipeline", is used to bring the resource to shore.<ref name="DeanP.338"/> The construction and maintenance of marine pipelines imply logistical challenges that are different from those onland, mainly because of wave and current dynamics, along with other [[geohazard]]s.