Editing Physiology (section)

==Notable physiologists==
{{Main|List of physiologists}}

=== Women in physiology ===
Initially, women were largely excluded from official involvement in any physiological society. The [[American Physiological Society]], for example, was founded in 1887 and included only men in its ranks.<ref>{{cite web|title=American Physiological Society > Founders|url=http://www.the-aps.org/fm/founders.html|website=the-aps.org|publisher=The American Physiological Society|language=en |access-date= 2017-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107170806/http://www.the-aps.org/fm/founders.html|archive-date=2017-01-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1902, the American Physiological Society elected [[Ida Hyde]] as the first female member of the society.<ref name="Tucker 1981">{{cite journal|last1=Tucker|first1=GS|title=Ida Henrietta Hyde: the first woman member of the society|journal=The Physiologist|date=December 1981|volume=24|issue=6|pages=1–9|pmid=7043502|url=http://www.the-aps.org/mm/Publications/Journals/Physiologist/1980-1989/1981/December.pdf |access-date=2017-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122195940/http://www.the-aps.org/mm/Publications/Journals/Physiologist/1980-1989/1981/December.pdf|archive-date=2017-01-22|url-status=dead}}{{open access}}</ref> Hyde, a representative of the [[American Association of University Women]], a global non-profit organization that advances equity for women and girls in education,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last = Butin |first = Jan|url= http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/hydeida-henrietta|title=Ida Henrietta Hyde|encyclopedia=Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia|date = 31 December 1999|publisher = Jewish Women's Archive}}</ref> attempted to promote gender equality in every aspect of science and medicine.

Soon thereafter, in 1913, [[J.S. Haldane]] proposed that women be allowed to formally join [[The Physiological Society]], which had been founded in 1876.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.physoc.org/women-physiology|title=Women in Physiology |website=Physiological Society|language=en|access-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185703/http://www.physoc.org/women-physiology|archive-date=2018-11-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 3 July 1915, six women were officially admitted: [[Florence Buchanan]], [[Winifred Cullis]], [[Ruth Skelton]], [[Sarah C. M. Sowton]], [[Constance Leetham|Constance Leetham Terry]], and [[Enid Tribe Oppenheimer|Enid M. Tribe]].<ref name="physoc.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.physoc.org/women-physiology|title=Women in Physiology|work=physoc.org|access-date=2015-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185703/http://www.physoc.org/women-physiology|archive-date=2018-11-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>  The centenary of the election of women was celebrated in 2015 with the publication of the book "Women Physiologists: Centenary Celebrations And Beyond For The Physiological Society." ({{ISBN|978-0-9933410-0-7}})

Prominent women physiologists include:
* [[Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen]], the first woman president of the [[American Physiological Society]] in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bodil M. Schmidt-Nielsen Distinguished Mentor and Scientist Award|url=https://www.pathwaystoscience.org/programhub.aspx?sort=OPP-AmerPhysioSocity-BodilMSchmidt|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.pathwaystoscience.org}}</ref>
* [[Gerty Cori]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1363456/Carl-Cori-and-Gerty-Cori|title=Carl Cori and Gerty Cori|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=23 February 2024 }}</ref> along with her husband [[Carl Cori]], received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for their discovery of the [[phosphate]]-containing form of [[glucose]] known as [[glycogen]], as well as its function within [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[Metabolism|metabolic]] mechanisms for energy production. Moreover, they discovered the [[Cori cycle]], also known as the Lactic acid cycle,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cori+cycle|title=Cori cycle|work=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> which describes how muscle tissue converts glycogen into lactic acid via [[lactic acid fermentation]].
* [[Barbara McClintock]] was rewarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of [[transposition (horizontal gene transfer)|genetic transposition]]. McClintock is the only female recipient who has won an unshared Nobel Prize.<ref>{{cite web|title=Facts on the Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/medicine/|website=nobelprize.org|publisher=Nobel Media AB|access-date=2016-09-23}}</ref>
* [[Gertrude Elion]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/184676/Gertrude-B-Elion|title=Gertrude B. Elion|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=29 February 2024 }}</ref> along with [[George Hitchings]] and [[James Black (pharmacologist)|Sir James Black]], received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for their development of drugs employed in the treatment of several major diseases, such as [[leukemia]], some [[autoimmune disorders]], [[gout]], [[malaria]], and [[herpes|viral herpes]].
* [[Linda B. Buck]],<ref name="nobelprize.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref> along with [[Richard Axel]], received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for their discovery of [[Olfactory receptor|odorant receptors]] and the complex organization of the [[olfactory system]].
* [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1473980/Francoise-Barre-Sinoussi|title=Francoise Barre-Sinoussi - biography - French virologist|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=26 July 2023 }}</ref> along with [[Luc Montagnier]], received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 for their work on the identification of the [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]] (HIV), the cause of [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome]] (AIDS).
* [[Elizabeth Blackburn]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1567675/Elizabeth-H-Blackburn|title=Elizabeth H. Blackburn|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=2 May 2024 }}</ref> along with [[Carol W. Greider]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carol W. Greider &#124; Biography, Nobel Prize, & Facts &#124; Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carol-W-Greider|access-date=2023-02-08|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref> and [[Jack W. Szostak]], was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the genetic composition and function of [[telomeres]] and the enzyme called [[telomerase]].