Editing Philip III of Spain (section)

==== Ormus Crisis ====
{{See also|Anglo-Persian capture of Qeshm|Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz|Portuguese–Safavid wars}}
Despite the attempt to develop the [[Spain-Iran relations]], the [[Portuguese–Safavid wars]] increased to a critical point during his late reign, influenced by the increasing authority of [[Abbas the Great]] which provoked a systematic increase in military and strategic pressure over (who definitively put an end to any Iberian aspiration to control the arrival point of the caravans in the Persian Gulf), and also the entry of the [[English East India Company]] in the [[Persian Gulf]] menacing the naval superiority of [[Portuguese India]] in the region. The Portuguese authorities of the conquered [[Kingdom of Ormus]] considered the Mocarrarias (tributes of the Arab [[Chieftain]] to the [[Persian shah]]) from the Alfandega were merely to ensure the transit of the caravans or ships passing through the continental territories of the [[Safavids]], but the Safavid considered that Ormuz was a vassal to the Persian king and that Portuguese didn't have any superior [[Right of conquest]] over those territories under Iranian [[Suzerainty]]. That issue about the tributes were allowed to pass by both sides depending on the degree of military power to make it effective (when Persia was perceived as threatening, they were paid, when Portugal was more powerful, they were avoided or paid incompletely), Portuguese authorities were confident in their naval superiority to be able to evade any Persian pressure, but the arrival of the English forced them to give priority to securing the sea routes against the corsairs and also to fear that this naval superiority would be lost, which would violate Portuguese sovereignty in the face of Persian aspirations that increased with Abbas. So, the fate of Hormuz during Philip III's reign was tied to the possibility of a [[Habsburg–Persian alliance|Habsburg–Persian]] military alliance offered by Abbas against [[Ottoman Empire]] (there was an [[Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612)|Ottoman–Safavid war since 1603]]), but at this point the Spanish-Ottoman Wars have been concluded and Philip III wanted to avoid new military conflicts in the short-term and take advantage of the moments of peace. Despite it, Don [[García de Silva Figueroa|García de Silva]] meet Abbas the Great on 1618–1619 to discuss the proposal of alliance, although the reclamations over the [[Capture of Cambarão]] make difficult the negotiations as Abbas considered that Iberians demanded too much to him (like freeze his relationships with the [[English East India Company]] to have the Spanish recognition of Persian suzerainty over former Portuguese possessions in the Persian Gulf) without definitive commitments to a direct Spanish offensive against the Turks (such as the proposal for a blockade of the [[Red Sea]]), and also there were inner conflicts between Portuguese and Castilians about how to deal with the issue, as the first wanted to priorize a geopolitic over [[Indian Ocean]] (who hindered the approachment with the Persians to avoid concessions that endanger [[Portuguese India]] prestige) while the second ones priorized a geopolitic over [[Mediterranean Sea]] (wanting to gain time and distract Persians against Ottomans to strength Iberian projection of power in Europe and also keep [[Ormus|Ormuz]] safe as a secondary achievement). After failing the diplomatic negotiations, Philip III sent an armada leaded by Ruy Freire in 1619 to expel the English navies and also strengthen Portuguese position over Persians, but ultimately failed in that objective and instead provocated an alliance between English and Persians, that then joined Dutch and [[Omani Sultanate|Omanis]], to expel Iberians from the [[Persian Gulf]], leading to the [[Anglo-Persian capture of Qeshm]], [[Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz|Hormuz]] and the [[Battle off Hormuz (1625)]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Las Fortalezas Ibéricas en la Península Arábiga (1507-1650) |url=https://seguridadinternacional.es/resi/html/las-fortalezas-ibericas-en-la-peninsula-arabiga-1507-1650/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional |language=es}}</ref>