Editing Penthesilea (section)

=== In the Middle Ages ===
[[File:Penthesilea as one of the Nine Female Worthie.jpg|thumb|upright|Miniature of Penthesilea as one of the [[Nine Worthies#Nine Worthy Women|Lady Worthies]], published in late [[medieval France]] between circa 1460 and 1470.]]
In [[Medieval Europe]], the Penthesilea legend was developed and recycled, with Achilles fading into the background. In illuminations that illustrated manuscripts, Penthesilea was cast as medieval warrior queen. A tradition developed where Penthesilea entered the Trojan War because of her reverence for the Trojan hero Hector. Penthesilea appears in the ''[[Roman de Troie]]'' (1160) by [[Benoît de Sainte-Maure]] as a chivalric heroine, and through this became part of the medieval genre ''roman antique,'' which recycled Greek and Roman myths in a [[chivalric romance]] context.

In late medieval Europe the legend was further popularised in [[Christine de Pizan]]'s ''[[The Book of the City of Ladies]]'' (1405) and [[John Lydgate]]'s ''[[Troy Book]]'' (1420). Penthesilea and Hector became romantic heroes. Penthesilea came to Troy because she had fallen in love with the virtuous [[knight]] Hector from afar.<ref name="confessio">{{cite book | title=Confession Amantis
| author=John Gower
| year=1390 }}{{rp|iv:2141}}</ref> Hector and Penthesilea were portrayed as personifications of the ideals of [[chivalry]]. When kneeling before Hector's corpse, Penthesilea promises to avenge his death. Penthesilea fights at the side of the Trojan army, killing many Greek soldiers, but is slain by Achilles' son. In this tradition of the legend, her body is taken to the Thermodon for burial. Along the [[Terme River]], various temple burial sites attest to the heroic status Penthesilea had as Amazon queen in the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite book |author=Adrienne Mayor|title=The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World |publisher= Princeton University Press|date=2014 |page=302-302|isbn=9781400865130 }}</ref>

In [[John Gower]]'s [[Confessio Amanatis]] she travels to Troy from Pafagoine. She is slain by [[Neoptolemus|Pirrus]] the son of Achilles. Philemenis returned her body for burial. He was rewarded with three fair maidens per year.<ref name=confessio/>{{rp|iv:2177}}

Biographical lists of strong women were published, some included Penthesilea. The 1405 ''Chronicle'' (known as ''Haagse handschrift'') by the herald Baviere included Penthesilea and the two Amazons [[Semiramis]] and [[Tomyris]] among the strong women. A Netherlandish list of 101 strong women published between 1465 and 1480 included Penthesilea. This list of 101 women circulated at the court of [[Mary of Burgundy]] and was read by members of the Brussels administration. [[Philippe Bouton]] in 1480 published a ''Miroir des dames'', which included Penthesilea.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Karen Green |author2=Constant Mews |title=Virtue Ethics for Women 1250–1500 |publisher= Springer Science & Business Media|date=2011 |pages=180–181|isbn=9789400705296 }}</ref>