Editing Penguin (section)

=== Conservation status ===
The majority of living penguin species have declining populations. According to the IUCN Red List, their conservation statuses range from Least Concern through to Endangered.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Species
!IUCN Red List Status
!Trend
!Mature Individuals
!Last assessment
|-
|[[Emperor penguin]], ''Aptenodytes forsteri''
|Near Threatened
|Unknown
|
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=May 1, 2004|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Emperor Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[King penguin]], ''Aptenodytes patagonicus''
|Least Concern
|Increasing
|
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: King Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Little penguin]], ''Eudyptula minor''
|Least Concern
|Stable
|469,760
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 8, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Little Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Southern rockhopper penguin]], ''Eudyptes chrysocome''
|Vulnerable
|Decreasing
|2,500,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Southern Rockhopper Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Macaroni penguin]], ''Eudyptes chrysolophus''
|Vulnerable
|Decreasing
|
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Macaroni Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Northern rockhopper penguin]], ''Eudyptes moseleyi''
|Endangered
|Decreasing
|480,600
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Northern Rockhopper Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fiordland penguin]], ''Eudyptes pachyrynchus''
|Vulnerable
|Decreasing
|2,500–9,999
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fiordland Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Snares penguin]], ''Eudyptes robustus''
|Vulnerable
|Stable
|63,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Snares Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Royal penguin]], ''Eudyptes schlegeli'' (disputed)
|Near Threatened
|Stable
|1,700,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Royal Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Erect-crested penguin]], ''Eudyptes sclateri''
|Endangered
|Decreasing
|150,000
|2016<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=October 1, 2016|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Erect-crested Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Yellow-eyed penguin]], ''Megadyptes antipodes''
|Endangered
|Decreasing
|2,528–3,480
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Yellow-eyed Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Adélie penguin]], ''Pygoscelis adeliae''
|Least Concern
|Increasing
|7,580,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Adelie Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chinstrap penguin]], ''Pygoscelis antarctica''
|Least Concern
|Decreasing
|8,000,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 16, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Chinstrap Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gentoo penguin]], ''Pygoscelis papua''
|Least Concern
|Stable
|774,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 7, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Gentoo Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[African penguin]], ''Spheniscus demersus''
|Critically Endangered
|Decreasing
|19,800
|2024<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=July 4, 2024|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: African Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697810/256021744|access-date=January 19, 2025|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref>
|-
|[[Humboldt penguin]], ''Spheniscus humboldti''
|Vulnerable
|Decreasing
|32,000
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 9, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Humboldt Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Magellanic penguin]], ''Spheniscus magellanicus''
|Near Threatened
|Decreasing
|
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 9, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Magellanic Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Galápagos penguin]], ''Spheniscus mendiculus''
|Endangered
|Decreasing
|1,200
|2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=International)|first=BirdLife International (BirdLife|date=August 9, 2018|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galapagos Penguin|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=June 2, 2020|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|archive-date=March 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172225/https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}