Editing Pan (genus) (section)

====Tool use====
[[File:Chimpanzee and stick.jpg|thumb|Common chimpanzee using a stick]]
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In October 1960, [[Jane Goodall]] observed the use of tools among chimpanzees{{dubious|Chimp or genus Pan, incl. bonobo? Question valid for entire paragraph.|date=August 2016}}. Recent research indicates that chimpanzees' use of [[stone tool]]s dates back at least 4,300 years (about 2,300 BC).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mercader, J. |author2=Barton, H. |author3=Gillespie, J. |title=4,300-year-old chimpanzee sites and the origins of percussive stone technology |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=3043–8 |year=2007 |pmid=17360606 |pmc=1805589 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0607909104 |display-authors=etal |bibcode= 2007PNAS..104.3043M|doi-access=free }}</ref> One example of chimpanzee tool usage behavior includes the use of a large stick as a tool to dig into termite mounds, and the subsequent use of a small stick altered into a tool that is used to "fish" the termites out of the mound.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Bijal, T. |title=Chimps shown using not just a tool but a "tool kit" |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1006_041006_chimps.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010065204/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1006_041006_chimps.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 10, 2004 |magazine=National Geographic |date=September 6, 2004}}</ref> Chimpanzees are also known to use smaller stones as hammers and a large one as an anvil in order to break open nuts.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Carvalho, S. |title=Chaînes Opératoires and resource-exploitation strategies in chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes'') nut cracking |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=55 |pages=148–163 |year=2008 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.005 |pmid=18359504 |issue=1 |bibcode=2008JHumE..55..148C |display-authors=etal |hdl=10316/3758 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

In the 1970s, reports of chimpanzees using rocks or sticks as weapons were anecdotal and controversial.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60157-6 |title=Tool-using in primates and other vertebrates |volume=3 |pages=195–249 |series=Advances in the Study of Behavior |year=1971 |last1=Van Lawick-Goodall |first1=J. |isbn=9780120045037 |editor1=Lehrman, D. S. |editor2=Hinde, R. A. |editor3=Shaw, E. |place=New York, USA |publisher=Academic Press}}</ref> However, a 2007 study claimed to reveal the use of spears, which common chimpanzees in [[Senegal]] sharpen with their teeth and use to stab and pry [[Senegal bushbaby|Senegal bushbabies]] out of small holes in trees.<ref>{{cite web | author=Fox, M. |title=Hunting chimps may change view of human evolution |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070222/sc_nm/chimps_hunting_dc |access-date=2007-02-22 |date=February 22, 2007 |publisher=Yahoo News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224115149/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070222/sc_nm/chimps_hunting_dc |archive-date=February 24, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iastate.edu/~nscentral/news/2007/feb/chimpstools.shtml |title=ISU anthropologist's study is first to report chimps hunting with tools |access-date=August 11, 2007 |date=February 22, 2007 |publisher=Iowa State University News Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816143403/http://www.iastate.edu/%7Enscentral/news/2007/feb/chimpstools.shtml |archive-date=August 16, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Prior to the discovery of tool use by chimpanzees, humans were believed to be the only [[species]] to make and use tools; however, several other [[Tool use by animals|tool-using species]] are now known.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livescience.com/animals/070212_chimp_tools.html |title=Chimps learned tool use long ago without human help |access-date=2007-08-11 |last=Whipps |first=H. |date=February 12, 2007 |publisher=[[LiveScience]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://janegoodall.net/chimp_central/chimpanzees/gombe/tool.asp |title=Tool use |access-date=2007-08-11 |publisher=Jane Goodall Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520045747/http://www.janegoodall.net/chimp_central/chimpanzees/gombe/tool.asp |archive-date=May 20, 2007}}</ref>