Editing Orange River (section)

== Wildlife ==
The Orange River has no large animals. It lies outside the range of the [[Nile crocodile]], and although [[hippopotamus|hippopotami]] were once abundant, they were hunted to extermination in the 19th century.<ref name="Shortridge1934" /> The Orange River has a relative paucity of species diversity. Surveys from 1995 to 2001 in the Lower Orange River found 19 different fish species from eight different families. The two non-native species recorded in the surveys were [[Eurasian carp|''Cyprinus carpio'']] and ''[[Oreochromis mossambicus]]'', the latter of which had increased rapidly in abundance since the early 1980s.<ref name="NINA">{{cite book |last1=Næsje |first1=T. F. |last2=Hay |first2=C. J. |last3=Nickanor |first3=N. |last4=Koekemoer |first4=J. |last5=Strand |first5=R. |last6=Thorstad |first6=E. B. |title=Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Lower Orange River, Namibia, from 1995 to 2001 |date=2007 |publisher=NINR |location=Trondheim |isbn=978-82-426-1791-0 |pages=5–6}}</ref> Another exotic species, [[rainbow trout]], is found in the river headwaters in Lesotho.[[Image:Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange river, Richtersveld.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The smallmouth yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus'') is a popular [[Recreational fishing|sport fish]] endemic to the Orange-Vaal River system.]]
Seven species are [[Endemism|endemic]] to the Vaal-Orange River system:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beekman|first=Hans E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKWRJ7GOOM0C&pg=PA13|title=Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change|date=2006-05-30|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2574-2}}</ref>
* [[Rock-catfish]] (''Austroglanis sclateri'')
* [[Maluti redfin]] or Maloti minnow (''Pseudobarbus quathlambae'')
* [[Namaquab barb]] (''Barbus hospes'') 
* [[River sardine]] (''Mesobola brevianalis'')
* [[Smallmouth yellowfish]] (''Labeobarbus aeneus'')
* [[Largemouth yellowfish]] (''Labeobarbus kimberlyensis'') 
* [[Orange River Mudfish]] (''Labeo capensis'')

[[File:Augrabies - Twin Falls - 001.jpg|thumb|upright|Twin Falls in [[Augrabies Falls National Park]]]]