Editing Operation Torch (section)

===Military consequences===
====Toulon====
{{main|Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon}}

Darlan ordered cease fire in North Africa on 10 November, and the next day the Germans and the Italians invaded Vichy France. One of their goals was to seize the French fleet in Toulon. Darlan invited the French commander of the fleet in Toulon, [[Jean de Laborde]] to join the Allies, but instead the French commander ordered the fleet scuttled on 27 November when the Germans entered Toulon.{{Sfn|Pack|1978|pp=106-107}}

[[File:Axis prisoners of war are herded out of the city as Allied armies enter Tunis. - NARA - 195472.jpg|thumb|Italian prisoners of war in Tunisia]]
====Tunisia====
{{Main|Tunisia Campaign|Run for Tunis}}After the German and Italian occupation of Vichy France, the French {{lang|fr|[[Army of Africa (France)|Armée d'Afrique]]}} sided with the Allies, providing a third corps ([[XIX Army Corps (France)|XIX Corps]]) for the  [[First Army (United Kingdom)|First Army]] under the command of Anderson.{{Sfn|Gelb|1992|p=298}} On 9 November, Axis forces started to build up in French Tunisia, unopposed by the local French forces.{{sfn|Watson|2007|p=60}} After consolidating in Algeria, the Allies began the [[Tunisia Campaign]]. Elements of the First Army came to within {{cvt|40|mi|km|0}} of [[Tunis]] before a [[counterattack]] at [[Djedeida]] thrust them back.{{Sfn|MacCloskey|1971|pp=141-142}} Meanwhile, after their victory at El-Alamein, the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] under Lieutenant-General [[Bernard Montgomery]] was pushing German and Italian troops under {{lang|de|[[Generalfeldmarschall]]}} Erwin Rommel steadily towards Tunisia from the East. In January 1943 they reached South Tunisia where Axis troops made a stand at the [[Mareth Line]].{{Sfn|Morison|1947|p=258}} In the west, the [[II Corps (United States)|US II Corps]] suffered defeats at the [[Battle of Sidi Bou Zid]] on 14–15 February and the [[Battle of Kasserine Pass]] on 19 February, but Allied reinforcements halted the Axis advance on 22 February. Fredendall was sacked and replaced by [[George Patton]].{{Sfn|Gelb|1992|p=209}} [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] Sir [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Harold Alexander]] arrived in Tunisia in late February as commander of the new [[18th Army Group]], which had been created to command the Eighth Army and the Allied forces fighting in Tunisia. The Axis forces attacked eastward at the [[Battle of Medenine]] on 6 March but were easily repulsed by the Eighth Army. On 9 March, Rommel left Tunisia to be replaced by [[Jürgen von Arnim]].{{Sfn|Gelb|1992|pp=299-311}} The First and Eighth Armies [[Operations Vulcan and Strike|attacked]] again in April. On 6 May the British took Tunis and American forces reached [[Bizerte]] on 7 May. By 13 May, all Axis forces in Tunisia had surrendered.{{Sfn|Morison|1947|pp=259-260}}