Editing One country, two systems (section)

=== Extradition bill and Hong Kong 2019–2020 protests ===
{{main|2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong extradition bill}}
In April 2019, an extradition bill was proposed in Hong Kong inciting [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|mass protests]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ives|first1=Mike|last2=May|first2=Tiffany|date=11 June 2019|title=Hong Kong Residents Block Roads to Protest Extradition Bill|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/11/world/asia/hong-kong-protest.html|access-date=14 May 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612020123/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/11/world/asia/hong-kong-protest.html|archive-date=12 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The new law identifies that those who are suspects of serious crimes could be sent to China.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong's controversial extradition bill explained|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/explainer-hong-kong-controversial-extradition-bill-190610101120416.html|last=Mayberry|first=Kate|date=11 June 2019|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516052238/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/explainer-hong-kong-controversial-extradition-bill-190610101120416.html|archive-date=16 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This was initiated due to a murder suspect fleeing from Taiwan to Hong Kong in 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Li|first=Jeff|date=13 December 2019|title=Hong Kong-China extradition plans explained|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47810723|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614142519/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-47810723|archive-date=14 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He was accused of murdering his pregnant 20 year old girlfriend, thus Hong Kong authorities were asked by Taiwan to extradite the man. Hong Kong, however, did not concur with this demand and could not prosecute him as Hong Kong does not have any form of an extradition agreement with Taiwan.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Murder suspect whose alleged crime sparked Hong Kong protests walks free|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/23/asia/hong-kong-taiwan-murder-intl-hnk/index.html|first=James|last=Griffiths|website=CNN|date=23 October 2019|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105163912/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/23/asia/hong-kong-taiwan-murder-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In terms of the Extradition Law, it was claimed that decisions would be made on a "case-by-case basis by the Chief Executive", in addition to Hong Kong courts making final decisions on extradition requests.<ref name=":1" /> For this reason, those accused of crimes based on politics or religion would not be extradited, and the new law would purely be "dealing with cross border crimes and transnational crimes" that carries a minimum seven-years sentence, as [[Carrie Lam]] stated in her speech on Monday 10 June.<ref name=":1" /> However, many Hong Kong people claim that this is another example of Hong Kong losing its autonomy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> There has been criticism that this law would mean that suspects would be susceptible to many practices under the Chinese judicial system that is not present in the Hong Kong judicial system: arbitrary detention, unfair trial and torture.<ref name=":1" /> Michael DeGolyer, a researcher at Baptist University of Hong Kong, told Al Jazeera that Hong Kong people fear lack of judicial independence as the current judiciary system "is seen as guaranteeing a measure of protection from the government on the mainland".<ref name=":0" />

There has been a widespread response opposing the law: nationally and internationally. Criticism, petitions and protests have incorporated many parts of society, including doctors, lawyers, teachers and housewives.<ref name=":1" /> On 9 June there were an estimated one million people protesting across Hong Kong, making it the biggest protest since the handover.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, concern was displayed internationally: in Britain, Canada, the European Union and the United States.<ref name=":1" /> The US congressional commission argued in May 2019 that the extradition bill makes "Hong Kong more susceptible to China's political coercion and further erodes Hong Kong's autonomy".<ref name=":1" /> China's foreign ministry has rebutted these concerns by claiming them "attempts to politicise the Hong Kong government proposal and interference in China's internal affairs".<ref name=":1" />

Due to this negative response nationally and internationally, on 4 September 2019, Carrie Lam formally announced that the extradition bill would be withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong leader withdraws extradition bill, sets up platform to examine protest causes|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3025641/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-announce-formal-withdrawal|date=4 September 2019|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904112228/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3025641/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-announce-formal-withdrawal|archive-date=4 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, fear of the loss of Hong Kong autonomy remains. Protests continued until the outbreak of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 pandemic]] in January 2020, and are predicted to continue once the pandemic is under control in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As coronavirus crisis starts to pass, Hong Kong may be set for another summer of discontent|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/20/asia/hong-kong-protests-coronavirus-intl-hnk/index.html|first=James|last=Griffiths|website=CNN|date=21 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422124907/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/20/asia/hong-kong-protests-coronavirus-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=22 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Needs update|date=July 2024}}