Editing Odesa (section)

===Historical ethnic and national composition===
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* [[Russian Empire Census|1897]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=1665|title=Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|work=demoscope.ru|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123225611/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=1665|url-status=live}}</ref>
# [[Russians]]: 198,233 people (49.09%)
# [[Jews]]: 124,511 people (30.83%)
# [[Ukrainians]]: 37,925 people (9.39%)
# [[Polish people|Poles]]: 17,395 people (4.31%)
# [[Germans]]: 10,248 people (2.54%)
# [[Greeks]]: 5,086 people (1.26%)
# [[Tatars]]: 1,437 people (0.36%)
# [[Armenians]]: 1,401 people (0.35%)
# [[Belarusians]]: 1,267 people (0.31%)
# [[French people|French]]: 1,137 people (0.28%)
* [[Soviet Census (1926)|1926]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_26.php?reg=2119/ |title=Данные Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года по регионам республик СССР |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=22 May 2014 |archive-date=4 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704182736/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_26.php?reg=2119/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
# [[Russians]]: 162,789 people (39.97%)
# [[Jews]]: 153,243 people (36.69%)
# [[Ukrainians]]: 73,453 people (17.59%)
# [[Polish people|Poles]]: 10,021 people (2.40%)
# [[Germans]]: 5,522 people (1.32%)
# [[Belarusians]]: 2,501 people (0.60%)
# [[Armenians]]: 1,843 people (0.44%)
# [[Greeks]]: 1,377 people (0.33%)
# [[Bulgarians]]: 1,186 people (0.28%)
# [[Moldovans]]: 1,048 people (0.25%)
* [[Soviet Census (1939)|1939]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_39_ra.php?reg=336 |title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения районов, городов и крупных сел союзных республик СССР |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110060722/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_39_ra.php?reg=336 |url-status=live }}</ref>
# [[Jews]]: 200,961 people (33.26%)
# [[Russians]]: 186,610 people (30.88%)
# [[Ukrainians]]: 178,878 people (29.60%)
# [[Polish people|Poles]]: 8,829 people (1.46%)
# [[Germans]]: 8,424 people (1.39%)
# [[Bulgarians]]: 4,967 people (0.82%)
# [[Moldovans]]: 2,573 people (0.43%)
# [[Armenians]]: 2,298 people (0.38%)
* [[1941 Romanian census|1941]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Recensămintele României: 1899–1992 |publisher=Editura Meronia |year=2002 |pages=358 |language=ro}}</ref>
# [[Ukrainians]]: 120,945 people (49.45%)
# [[Russians]]: 92,584 people (37.85%)
# [[Germans]]: 8,643 people (3.53%)
# [[Polish people|Poles]]: 7,488 people (3.06%)
# [[Bulgarians]]: 4,928 people (2.01%)
# [[Moldovans]]: 3,224 people (1.32%)
# [[Tatars]]: 436 people (0.18%)
# [[Lipovans]]: 429 people (0.17%)
* [[2001 Ukrainian census|2001]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/Odesa|title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001&nbsp;-&nbsp;English version&nbsp;-&nbsp;Results&nbsp;-&nbsp;General results of the census&nbsp;-&nbsp;National composition of population&nbsp;-&nbsp;Odesa region|work=ukrcensus.gov.ua|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=23 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023045009/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/Odesa|url-status=live}}</ref>
# [[Ukrainians]]: 622,900 people (61.6%)
# [[Russians]]: 292,000 people (29.0%)
# [[Bulgarians]]: 13,300 people (1.3%)
# [[Jews]]: 12,400 people (1.2%)
# [[Moldovans]]: 7,600 people (0.7%)
# [[Belarusians]]: 6,400 people (0.6%)
# [[Armenians]]: 4,400 people (0.4%)
# [[Polish people|Poles]]: 2,100 people (0.2%)

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[[Odesa Oblast]] is also home to many different nationalities and minority [[ethnic group]]s, including [[Albanians]], [[Armenians]], [[Azeris]], [[Crimean Tatars]], [[Bulgarians]], [[Georgians]], [[Greeks]], [[Jews]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Romani people|Roma]], [[Romanians]], [[Turkish people|Turks]], among others.<ref name=Census2001/> Up until the early 1940s the city had a large Jewish population. As the result of [[Holocaust|mass deportation to extermination camps]] during the [[Second World War]], the city's Jewish population declined considerably. Since the 1970s, the majority of the remaining Jewish population [[Aliyah|emigrated to Israel]] and other countries, shrinking the Jewish community. Through most of the 19th century and until the mid-20th century, the largest ethnic group in Odesa was [[Russians]], with the second largest ethnic group being [[Jews]].<ref>Dnistryansky, М.S. (2006) Этнополитическая география Украины = Етнополітична географія України. – Лівів: Літопис, видавництво ЛНУ імені Івана Франка. p. 342. – {{ISBN|966-7007-60-X}}</ref>
[[File:Anatra Anasalj.jpg|thumb|The [[Anatra DS|Anatra DS Anasal]], an aircraft built by [[Anatra]] factory, a manufacturing founded by an [[Italians of Odesa|Italian of Odesa]]]]

[[Italians]] trace their presence in what later would become Odessa to as early as 1200, when [[Genoa|Genoese]] "Ginestra" trade ships anchored there.<ref name="reportdifesa">{{cite web|url=https://www.reportdifesa.it/ucraina-odessa-citta-italiana-la-nostra-cultura-e-la-nostra-arte-presente-nelle-bellezze-artistiche-e-architettoniche/|title=Ucraina: Odessa città italiana. La nostra cultura e la nostra arte presente nelle bellezze artistiche e architettoniche|access-date=23 September 2024|language=it}}</ref>  In 1797 there were about 800 [[Italians of Odesa|Italians in Odesa]], equal to 10% of the total population.<ref name="Dundovich">{{cite book |first1 = Elena |last1 = Dundovich |first2 = Francesca |last2 = Gori |first3 = Emanuela |last3 = Guercett |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=57hb64WZLKQC |title = Gulag. Storia e memoria |publisher = Feltrinelli |year = 2004 |isbn = 88-07-81818-3 |page = 187 |access-date = 9 June 2015}}</ref> For more than a century the Italians of Odesa greatly influenced the culture, art, industry, society, architecture, politics and economy of the city.<ref name="lavita">{{cite web|url=http://www.lavita-odessita.com/italiani4.html|title=Gli italiani a Odessa|language=it|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005192716/http://www.lavita-odessita.com/italiani4.html|archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="brandes">{{cite book|first=Detlef|last=Brandes |language=de |page=252 |publisher=Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag |title=Von den Zaren adoptiert: Die deutschen Kolonisten und die Balkansiedler in Neurußland und Bessarabien (1751-1914) |year=1993|isbn=978-3486560145}}</ref><ref name="italiani">{{cite web|url=https://www.italiani.it/odessa-citta-ucraina-fondata-da-un-italiano/|title=Odessa, la città ucraina fondata da un italiano|access-date=23 September 2024|language=it}}</ref><ref name="eastjournal">{{cite web|url=http://www.eastjournal.net/archives/73532|title= UCRAINA: Odessa città napoletana, dove l'italiano era lingua ufficiale|language=it|access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="reportdifesa"/> Among the works created by the Italians of Odesa there were the [[Potemkin Stairs]] and the [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre|Odesa Opera and Ballet Theater]].<ref name="reportdifesa"/> At the beginning of the 19th century the [[Italian language]] became the second official language in Odesa, after Russian.<ref name="reportdifesa"/> Until the 1870s, Odesa's Italian population grew steadily.<ref name="lavita"/> From the following decade this growth stopped, and the decline of the Italian community in Odesa began.<ref name="lavita"/> The reason was mainly one, namely the gradual integration into the Slavic population of Odesa, i.e. Russians and Ukrainians.<ref name="lavita"/> Surnames began to be [[Russification|Russianized]] and [[Ukrainization|Ukrainianized]].<ref name="lavita"/> The [[October Revolution|revolution of 1917]] sent many of them to Italy, or to other cities in Europe.<ref name="italiani"/> In [[Soviet Union|Soviet times]], only a few dozen Italians remained in Odesa, most of whom no longer knew their own language.<ref name="cnr"/> Over time they merged with the local population, losing the ethnic connotations of origin.<ref name="Leoni"/> They disappeared completely by [[World War II]].<ref name="Leoni"/>
[[File:Odessa Ethnicity 1897-2015.png|thumb|394x394px|Historic ethnic and national composition of Odesa]]

The peculiarity of the ethnic composition of the modern population of the city of Odesa is its ethnic diversity. According to the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], [[Ukrainians]] made up 62% of the Odesa's inhabitants, [[Russians]] 29%, Bulgarians 6.1%, Moldovans 5%, Gagauz 1.1%, Jews 0.6%, Belarusians 0.5%, Armenians 0.3%, Roma 0.2%, Poles, Germans, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Tartars, Greeks, Albanians and Arabs each 0.1%, and 1.9% were people of other nationalities.<ref name=Census2001>{{cite web |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/odesa/ |title=All-Ukrainian Census of 2001 Official Site |publisher=2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua |access-date=22 May 2014 |archive-date=20 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020081456/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/odesa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2015 study by the [[International Republican Institute]] found that 68% of Odesa's population were ethnic Ukrainians, and 25% were ethnic Russians.<ref name=iri1/>