Editing Nuremberg trials (section)

==Subsequent Nuremberg trials==
{{main|Subsequent Nuremberg trials}}
[[File:Telford Taylor delivers the prosecution's opening statement during the Ministries Trial.jpg|thumb|[[Telford Taylor]] opens for the prosecution in the [[Ministries trial]], 6 January 1948.]]
[[File:Monowitz prisoners unload cement from trains for IG Farben.jpg|thumb|[[Monowitz]] prisoners unload cement from trains for [[IG Farben]], presented as evidence at the [[IG Farben trial]].]]

Initially, it was planned to hold a second international tribunal for German industrialists, but this was never held because of differences between the Allies.{{sfn|Hirsch|2020|pp=353, 400}} [[Subsequent Nuremberg trials|Twelve military trials]] were convened solely by the United States in the same courtroom that had hosted the International Military Tribunal.{{sfn|Heller|2011|p=1}} Pursuant to [[Law No. 10]] adopted by the [[Allied Control Council]], United States forces arrested almost 100,000 Germans as war criminals.{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=11–12}} The [[Office of Chief Counsel for War Crimes]] identified 2,500 major war criminals, of whom 177 were tried. Many of the worst offenders were not prosecuted, for logistical or financial reasons.{{sfn|Heller|2011|p=370}}

One set of trials focused on the actions of German professionals: the [[Doctors' trial]] focused on [[Nazi human experimentation|human experimentation]] and [[Euthanasia in Nazi Germany|euthanasia murders]], the [[Judges' trial]] on the [[Law of Nazi Germany|role of the judiciary in Nazi crimes]], and the [[Ministries trial]] on the culpability of bureaucrats of German government ministries, especially the [[Reich Foreign Office|Foreign Office]].{{sfn|Priemel|2016|pp=273, 308}}{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=85, 89}} [[Private sector participation in Nazi crimes|Also on trial were industrialists]]—in the [[Flick trial]], the [[IG Farben trial]], and the [[Krupp trial]]—for using forced labor, looting property from Nazi victims, and funding SS atrocities.{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=3, 4, 92–94, 100–101}} Members of the SS were tried in the [[Pohl trial]], which focused on members of the [[SS Main Economic and Administrative Office]] that oversaw SS economic activity, including the [[Nazi concentration camps]];{{sfn|Heller|2011|p=90}} the [[RuSHA trial]] of [[Nazi racial policies]]; and the [[Einsatzgruppen trial|''Einsatzgruppen'' trial]], in which members of the [[Einsatzgruppen|mobile killing squads]] were tried for the murder of more than one million people behind the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|pp=294–296, 298}} [[Luftwaffe]] general [[Erhard Milch]] [[Milch trial|was tried]] for using slave labor and deporting civilians. In the [[Hostages case]], several generals were tried for executing thousands of hostages and prisoners of war, looting, using forced labor, and deporting civilians in the [[Balkans]]. Other generals were tried in the [[High Command Trial]] for plotting wars of aggression, issuing [[Criminal orders (Nazi Germany)|criminal orders]], deporting civilians, using slave labor, and looting in the Soviet Union.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|pp=247, 310, 315}}{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=87, 96, 104}}

These trials emphasized the crimes committed during the Holocaust.{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=1, 4}} The trials heard 1,300 witnesses, entered more than 30,000 documents into evidence, and generated 132,855 pages of transcripts, with the judgments totaling 3,828 pages.{{sfn|Heller|2011|p=4}} Of 177 defendants, 142 were convicted and 25 sentenced to death;{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=1–2}} the severity of sentencing was related to the defendant's proximity to mass murder.{{sfn|Priemel|2016|p=306}} Legal historian [[Kevin Jon Heller]] argues that the trials' greatest achievement was "their inestimable contribution to the form and substance of international criminal law", which had been left underdeveloped by the IMT.{{sfn|Heller|2011|pp=400–401}}