Editing Norfolk Island (section)

== Demographics ==
{{see also|Norfolk Islanders}}
The population of Norfolk Island was 2,188 in the 2021 census,<ref name="ABS2021" /> which had declined from a high of 2,601 in 2001.

In 2011, residents were 78% of the census count, with the remaining 22% being visitors. 16% of the population were 14&nbsp;years and under, 54% were 15 to 64&nbsp;years, and 24% were 65&nbsp;years and over. The figures showed an ageing population, with many people aged 20–34 having moved away from the island.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.nf/reports/Census/Census_2011.pdf|title=Norfolk Island Census of Population and Housing: Census Description, Analysis and Basic Tables|date=9 August 2011|access-date=3 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324075844/http://www.info.gov.nf/reports/Census/Census_2011.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>

Most islanders are of either [[European Australians|European]]-only (mostly British) or combined European-[[Tahitians|Tahitian]] ancestry, being descendants of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty|''Bounty'' mutineers]] as well as more recent arrivals from Australia and New Zealand. About half of the islanders can trace their roots back to [[Pitcairn Islands|Pitcairn Island]].<ref name="bbc" />

This common heritage has led to a limited number of surnames among the islanders – a limit constraining enough that the island's telephone directory also includes nicknames for many subscribers, such as Carrots, Dar Bizziebee, Diddles, Geek, Lettuce Leaf, Possum, Pumpkin, Smudgie, Truck and Wiggy.<ref name="bbc" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://phonebook.nf/|title=Norfolk Island Phone Book|access-date=21 March 2022|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219204749/http://phonebook.nf/ |archive-date=2021-12-19}}</ref>

===Structure of the population===

{{Hidden begin
|title= Population by sex and age group (Census 09.VIII.2011): <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218223334/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 082
| align="right" | 1 220
| align="right" | 2 302
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 53
| align="right" | 53
| align="right" | 106
| align="right" | 4.60
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 63
| align="right" | 60
| align="right" | 123
| align="right" | 5.34
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 69
| align="right" | 63
| align="right" | 132
| align="right" | 5.73
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 35
| align="right" | 38
| align="right" | 73
| align="right" | 3.17
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 20
| align="right" | 21
| align="right" | 41
| align="right" | 1.78
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 19
| align="right" | 41
| align="right" | 60
| align="right" | 2.61
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 48
| align="right" | 52
| align="right" | 100
| align="right" | 4.34
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 56
| align="right" | 71
| align="right" | 127
| align="right" | 5.52
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 64
| align="right" | 82
| align="right" | 146
| align="right" | 6.34
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 81
| align="right" | 86
| align="right" | 167
| align="right" | 7.25
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 86
| align="right" | 94
| align="right" | 180
| align="right" | 7.82
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 103
| align="right" | 129
| align="right" | 232
| align="right" | 10.08
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 120
| align="right" | 142
| align="right" | 262
| align="right" | 11.38
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 99
| align="right" | 106
| align="right" | 205
| align="right" | 8.91
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 70
| align="right" | 72
| align="right" | 142
| align="right" | 6.17
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 49
| align="right" | 47
| align="right" | 96
| align="right" | 4.17
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 24
| align="right" | 34
| align="right" | 58
| align="right" | 2.52
|-
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 23
| align="right" | 29
| align="right" | 52
| align="right" | 2.26
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 185
| align="right" | 176
| align="right" | 361
| align="right" | 15.68
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 632
| align="right" | 756
| align="right" | 1 388
| align="right" | 60.30
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 265
| align="right" | 288
| align="right" | 553
| align="right" | 24.02
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

'''Population'''
*{{val|1,748}} (as of the 2016 census)
'''Population growth rate'''
*0.01%
'''Ancestry'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument|title=2016 Census QuickStats: Norfolk Island|access-date=2 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507211725/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Australian (22.8%)
* English (22.4%)
* Pitcairn Islander (20%)
* Scottish (6%)
* Irish (5.2%)
'''Citizenship''' (as of the 2011 census)
*Australia 79.5%
*[[New Zealand]] 13.3%
*[[Fiji]] 2.5%
*[[Philippines]] 1.1%
*[[United Kingdom]] 1%
*Other 1.8%
*Unspecified 0.8%

===Religion===
62% of the islanders are Christians. After the death of the first chaplain [[George Hunn Nobbs|Rev G. H. Nobbs]] in 1884, a [[Methodism|Methodist]] church was formed, followed in 1891 by a [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] congregation led by one of Nobbs' sons. Some unhappiness with G. H. Nobbs, the more organised and formal ritual of the [[Church of England]] service arising from the influence of the [[Melanesian Mission]], decline in spirituality, the influence of visiting American whalers, literature sent by Christians overseas impressed by the Pitcairn story, and the adoption of Seventh-day Adventism by the descendants of the mutineers still on Pitcairn, all contributed to these developments.

The [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] began an ongoing presence on Norfolk Island in 1957.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=St Philip Howard's Catholic Church, Norfolk Island |url=http://stmaryscathedral.org.au/st-philip-howards-catholic-church-norfolk-island/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324020921/https://stmaryscathedral.org.au/st-philip-howards-catholic-church-norfolk-island/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=St Mary's Cathedral Sydney |language=en-AU}}</ref> In the late 1990s, a group left the former Methodist (then Uniting Church) and formed a [[Charismatic Christianity|charismatic]] fellowship. In the 2021 Census, 22% of the ordinary residents identified as [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] (compared to 34% in 2011), 13% as [[Uniting Church in Australia|Uniting Church]], 11% as Roman Catholic and 3% as Seventh-day Adventist. 9% were from other religions. 35.7% had no religion (up from 24% in 2011), and 14.7% did not indicate a religion.<ref name=2011census /><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Norfolk Island, Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324050232/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Typical ordinary congregations in any church do not exceed 30 local residents {{As of|2010|lc=y}}. The three older denominations have good facilities. Ministers are usually short-term visitors.

There are two Anglican churches on Norfolk Island, being All Saints Kingston (established 1870)<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Saints Church |url=https://www.norfolkisland.com.au/experiences/history-culture/kingston/all-saints-church/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324015705/https://www.norfolkisland.com.au/experiences/history-culture/kingston/all-saints-church/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.norfolkisland.com.au}}</ref> and St Barnabas Chapel (establish 1880 as the Melanesian Mission)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-26 |title=St. Barnabas |url=https://norfolkislandchurchofengland.com/sunday-services/st-barnabas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324020027/https://norfolkislandchurchofengland.com/sunday-services/st-barnabas/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Norfolk Island Church of England |language=en}}</ref> which are both part of the [[Anglican Diocese of Sydney|Diocese of Sydney, Anglican Church of Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parish of Norfolk Island |url=https://www.anglicandirectoryaustralia.com.au/parish/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324020448/https://www.anglicandirectoryaustralia.com.au/parish/parish-of-norfolk-island-nsw-4140/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Anglican Church of Australia Directory |language=en-US}}</ref>

There is one Roman Catholic church on Norfolk Island, the Church of [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|St Philip Howard]] within the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney|Archdiocese of Sydney]].<ref name=":1" />

Statistics in 2016 Census:<ref name="CIAPAPUANEWGUINEA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norfolk-island/|title=Australia-Oceania :: NORFOLK ISLAND|date=6 October 2021|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118050134/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norfolk-island/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Protestant]] 46.8%
**[[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] 29.2%
**[[Uniting Church in Australia]] 9.8%
**[[Seventh-Day Adventist]] 2.7%
* [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] 12.6%
*Other 1.4%
*None 26.7%
*Unspecified 9.5%

===Country of birth===
All information below is from the 2016 Census.<ref name=":0" />

* Australia (39.7%)
* Norfolk Island (22.1%)
* New Zealand (17.6%)
* Fiji (2.7%)
* England (2.6%)
* Philippines (2.3%)

===Language===
{{main|Languages of Norfolk Island}}
Islanders speak both English and a [[creole language]] known as [[Norfuk language|Norfuk]], a blend of 18th-century English and [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]], based on [[Pitkern language|Pitkern]]. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists visit the island, and more young people leave for work and education. However, efforts are being made to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents.

In 2004, an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made Norfuk a co-official language of the island.<ref name="language act" /><ref>''[[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]'', 21 April 2005 (page B3)</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Squires|first=Nick|title=Save our dialect, say Bounty islanders|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/4195917/Save-our-dialect-say-Bounty-islanders.html|access-date=6 April 2007|newspaper=The Telegraph UK|date=19 April 2005|location=London|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316041437/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/4195917/Save-our-dialect-say-Bounty-islanders.html|archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref> The act is long-titled: "An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island". The "language known as 'Norf'k'" is described as the language "that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.norfolkisland.com.au/AboutNorfolk_language.aspx | title = About Norfolk – Language | publisher = Norfolkisland.com.au | access-date = 13 April 2012 |url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120502163842/http://www.norfolkisland.com.au/AboutNorfolk_language.aspx | archive-date = 2 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=16223 | title = Norfuk declared official language in Norfolk Island – report | publisher = Radio New Zealand International | access-date = 13 April 2012 | date = 20 April 2005 |url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120717082416/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=16223 | archive-date = 17 July 2012}}</ref> 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk.<ref name=2011census />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Languages of Norfolk Island most frequently spoken at home in given census year<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Norfolk Island, Census All persons QuickStats {{!}} Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.abs.gov.au |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324050232/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/90104 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Language
!2016
!2021
|-
|English
|45.5%
|52.4%
|-
|Norfuk
|40.9%
|30.5%
|-
|Fijian
|2.0%
|1.2%
|-
|Tagalog
|1.0%
|0.8%
|-
|Filipino
|0.8%
|0.5%
|-
|Mandarin Chinese
|0.7%
|0.5%
|}