Editing Naval mine (section)

=== Remotely controlled mines ===
Frequently used in combination with coastal artillery and hydrophones, [[controlled mines]] (or command detonation mines) can be in place in peacetime, which is a huge advantage in blocking important shipping routes. The mines can usually be turned into "normal" mines with a switch (which prevents the enemy from simply capturing the controlling station and deactivating the mines), detonated on a signal or be allowed to detonate on their own. The earliest ones were developed around 1812 by [[Robert Fulton]]. The first remotely controlled mines were moored mines used in the American Civil War, detonated electrically from shore. They were considered superior to contact mines because they did not put friendly shipping at risk.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=19kDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1933+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA813 "How Mines Help Guard America's Harbors"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506033912/https://books.google.com/books?id=19kDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1933+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA813 |date=6 May 2023 }} ''[[Popular Mechanics]]'', December 1940</ref> The extensive American fortifications program initiated by the [[Board of Fortifications]] in 1885 included [[Submarine mines in United States harbor defense|remotely controlled mines]], which were emplaced or in reserve from the 1890s until the end of World War II.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Berhow |editor-first=Mark A. |title=American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide |edition=Third |publisher=CDSG Press |year=2015 |pages=333–374 |isbn=978-0-9748167-3-9}}</ref>

Modern examples usually weigh {{convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, including {{convert|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of explosives ([[TNT]] or [[torpex]]).{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}