Editing Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (section)

==Family==
{{Main|Al ash-Sheikh}}

According to academic publications such as the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab married an [[affluent]] woman during his studies in [[Baghdad]]. When she died, he inherited her property and wealth.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[#EBOMuh|EBO ''Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb'' 2011]]</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-ibn-Abd-al-Wahhab|title=Ibn Abd al-Wahhab| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|access-date=12 December 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608071938/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-ibn-Abd-al-Wahhab| archive-date=8 June 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab had six sons; Hussain (died 1809), [[Abdullah bin Muhammad Al Sheikh|'Abdallah]] (1751–1829), Hassan, Ali (died 1829), Ibrahim and 'Abdulazeez<ref name=tar>{{cite journal|author=Tarik K. Firro|title=The Political Context of Early Wahhabi Discourse of Takfir|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|date=2013 |volume=49|issue=5|page=770|doi=10.1080/00263206.2013.811648|s2cid=144357200|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00263206.2013.811648}}</ref> who died in his youth. Four of his sons, Hussain, Abdullah, Ali and Ibrahim, established religious schools close to their home in [[Diriyah|Dir'iyah]] and taught the young students from [[Yemen]], [[Oman]], Najd and other parts of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] at their ''[[majlis]]'' (study circle).<ref name=tar/> One of their pupils was Husayn Ibn Abu Bakr Ibn Ghannam, a well-known [[Hanbali]] scholar and chronicler.<ref name=tar/> (Although Islamic scholar [[Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen|ibn 'Uthaymin]] writes about Ibn Ghannam that he was a [[Maliki]] scholar from [[Al-Ahsa Oasis|al-Ahsa]].){{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab also had a daughter named Fatimah, who was a revered [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]] known for her piety, valour and beauty. She was a committed adherent to her father's [[Islah|reformist]] ideals and taught numerous men and women. Fatimah travelled a lot and remained unmarried throughout her life in order to research [[hadith science]]s and concentrate on her scholarly endeavours. She witnessed the [[Siege of Diriyah|Fall of Dir'iyah]] and fled to [[Ras Al Khaimah|Ras al-Khaimah]] in 1818; which was captured by the [[British Empire|British]] the following year. As a result, she was again forced to emigrate along with her nephew; this time to [[Oman]], wherein she became a major proponent of reformist teachings of the ''Muwahhidun'' and campaigned against various [[Superstitions in Muslim societies|superstitions]]. Fatimah returned to [[Riyadh]] after the establishment of [[Emirate of Nejd]] in 1824. Due to her travels, she was often referred to by her appellation "Lady of the Two Migrations". As the daughter of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Fatimah became a role model for Arabian women active in educational efforts and various social undertakings.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukhlid al-Harbi |first=Dalal |title=Prominent Women from Central Arabia |publisher=Ithaca Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-86372-327-8 |editor-last=Ann Roberg-Abahsain |editor-first=Jill |edition=First |location=Reading, UK |pages=32–34 |language=Arabic |translator-last=M. Abahsain |translator-last2=A. al-Furaih |translator-first=Muhammad |translator-first2=Mohammad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=J. DeLong-Bas |first=Natana |title=Islam, Revival, and Reform: Redefining Tradition for the Twenty-First Century - Essays Inspired by John O. Voll |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-8156-3753-0 |edition=1st |location=Syracuse, New York |pages=9, 16 |chapter=1: The Role of Women in Solidifying Eighteenth-Century Revival and Reform Initiatives into Ongoing Mass Movements}}</ref>

The descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, the [[Al ash-Sheikh]], have historically led the ''[[ulama]]'' (clerical establishment) of the Saudi state,<ref name="Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7"/> dominating the state's religious institutions.<ref name="Met92"/> Within [[Saudi Arabia]], the family is held in prestige similar to the [[House of Saud|Saudi royal family]], with whom they share power, and has included several religious scholars and officials.<ref name="Ott08">[[#Ott08|Ottaway 2008]]: 176.</ref> The arrangement between the two families is based on the Al Saud maintaining the Al ash-Sheikh's authority in religious matters and upholding and propagating the [[Salafism|Salafi doctrine]]. In return, the Al ash-Sheikh support the Al Saud's political authority<ref>[[#Nyr08|Nyrop 2008]]: 50.</ref> thereby using its religious-[[moral authority]] to legitimize the royal family's rule.<ref>[[#Bli85|Bligh 1985]]: 37–50.</ref>