Editing Moscow (section)

==Demographics==
===Population===
{{Historical populations
|1897|1038625
|1926|1995252|1939|4141633|1959|5045905|1970|6941961
|1979|7830509
|1989|8769117|2002|10382754
|2010|11503501
|2021|13010112|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=(USSR) Urban population of the union republics, and their territorial units |url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php |access-date=27 August 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914185606/https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls |title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том. 1, таблица 4. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов - райцентров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203125040/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |url=http://krasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/krasstat/resources/20d7bd804eba60379580f5263284271d/1.10.xlsx |title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Итоги по Красноярскому краю. 1.10 Численность населения гор.округов, мун.районов, гор. и сел. поселе |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222093629/http://krasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/krasstat/resources/20d7bd804eba60379580f5263284271d/1.10.xlsx |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |title=Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более - Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2021 года |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901194902/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 September 2022 }}</ref>}}

According to the [[2021 Russian census]], the population was 13,010,112;<ref name=2021Census/> up from 11,503,501 in the [[2010 Russian census]].<ref name="2014 objectively assess">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census }}</ref>
[[File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Moscow -diff.png|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Life expectancy at birth since 1990, with gender difference. Life expectancy has been declining since 2019.]]
{{clear}}

===Ethnic groups===
{{See also|Ethnic groups in Moscow}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Ethnic groups in Russia|Ethnicity]]
! colspan="11" |Year
|-
!1897<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=831 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161022/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=831 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|Taken from language of respondents}}
!1939<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_39.php?reg=39 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614185806/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_39.php?reg=39 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1959<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_59.php?reg=45 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706161009/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_59.php?reg=45 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1970<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_70.php?reg=18 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614185805/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_70.php?reg=18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1979<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_79.php?reg=19 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706172633/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_79.php?reg=19 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1989<ref>{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_89.php?reg=18 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=www.demoscope.ru |archive-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625132501/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_89.php?reg=18 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF POPULATION FOR REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-2.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217070612/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-2.xls |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2007 |access-date=14 June 2022 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2010<ref name="2014 objectively assess" />
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="census2021">{{cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!Number (% of population)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!Number (%)
!% of ethnicity declared
!Number (%)
!% of ethnicity declared
|-
| [[Russians]]
|987,044 (95.0%)
|3,614,430
(87.4%)
|4,507,899 (88.6%)
|6,301,247 (89.2%)
|7,146,682 (90.1%)
|7,963,246 (89.7%)
|8,808,009 (84.8%)
|9,930,410 (86.3%)
|91.6%
|9,074,375 (69.7%)
|90.2%
|-
| [[Tatars]]
|4,288 (0.1%)
|57,687 (1.4%)
|80,489 (1.6%)
|109,252 (1.5%)
|131,328 (1.7%)
|157,376 (1.8%)
|166,083 (1.6%)
|149,043 (1.3%)
|1.4%
|84,373 (0.6%)
|0.8%
|-
| [[Armenians]]
|1,604 (0.1%)
|13,682 (0.3%)
|18,379 (0.4%)
|25,584 (0.4%)
|31,414 (0.4%)
|43,989 (0.5%)
|124,425 (1.2%)
|106,466 (0.9%)
|1.0%
|68,018 (0.5%)
|0.7%
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
|4,478 (0.4%)
|90,479 (2.2%)
|115,489 (2.3%)
|184,885 (2.6%)
|206,875 (2.6%)
|252,670 (2.8%)
|253,644 (2.4%)
|154,104 (1.3%)
|1.4%
|58,788 (0.5%)
|0.6%
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| – (–)
|677 (–)
|2,528 (–)
|4,889 (–)
|7,967 (0.1%)
|20,727 (0.2%)
|95,563 (0.9%)
|57,123 (0.5%)
|0.5%
|37,259 (0.3%)
|0.4%
|-
| [[Uzbeks]]
| – (–)
|659 (–)
|2,478 (–)
|5,973 (–)
|4,222 (–)
|9,183 (0.1%)
|9,183 (0.1%)
|35,595 (0.3%)
|0.3%
|29,526 (0.2%)
|0.3%
|-
| [[Jews]]
|5,070 (0.4%)
|250,181 (6.0%)
|239,246 (4.7%)
|251,350 (3.6%)
|222,900 (2.8%)
|174,728 (2.0%)
|79,359 (0.8%)
|53,145 (0.5%)
|0.5%
|28,014 (0.2%)
|0.3%
|-
| [[Georgians]]
| – (–)
|4,251 (0.1%)
|6,365 (0.1%)
|9,563 (0.1%)
|12,180 (0.2%)
|19,608 (0.2%)
|54,387 (0.5%)
|38,934 (0.3%)
|0.4%
|26,222 (0.2%)
|0.3%
|-
| [[Tajiks]]
| – (–)
|184 (–)
|1,005 (–)
|1,652 (–)
|1,221 (–)
|2,893 (–)
|35,385 (0.4%)
|27,280 (0.2%)
|0.2%
|22,783 (0.2%)
|0.2%
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
|1,016 (–)
|24,952 (0.6%)
|34,370 (0.7%)
|50,257 (0.7%)
|59,193 (0.7%)
|73,005 (0.8%)
|59,353 (0.6%)
|39,225 (0.3%)
|0.4%
|17,632 (0.1%)
|0.2%
|-
| [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| – (–)
|77 (–)
|– (–)
|– (–)
|1,173 (–)
|3,044 (–)
|4,102 (–)
|18,736 (0.2%)
|0.2%
|16,858 (0.1%)
|0.2%
|-
| Others
|– (–)
|
|76,173 (–)
|
|
|
|
| 225,031 (2.0%)
|2.1%
|595,543 (4.6%)
|5.9%
|-
|No ethnicity declared
| – (–)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|668,409 (5.8%)
|–
|2,950,721 (22.7%)
|–
|-
!Total
!1,038,591 (100%)
!4,137,018 (100%)
!5,085,581 (100%)
!7,061,008
!7,931,602 (100%)
!8,875,579 (100%)
!10,382,754 (100%)
!11,503,501 (100%)
!100% (10,835,092)
!13,010,112 (100%)
!100% (10,059,391)
|}

;
* 668,409 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Перепись-2010: русских становится больше |publisher=Perepis-2010.ru |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Vital statistics===
The official population of Moscow is based on those holding "[[Resident registration in Russia|permanent residency]]". According to Russia's Federal Migration Service, Moscow holds 1.8 million official "guests" who have temporary residency on the basis of visas or other documentation, giving a legal population of 14.8 million. The number of [[Illegal immigration in Russia|Illegal immigrants]], the vast majority originating from [[Central Asia]], is estimated to be an additional 1 million people,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rg.ru/2009/02/09/migrant.html |title="Российская газета" о мигрантах в Москве |date=9 February 2009 |publisher=Rg.ru |access-date=22 December 2010 |archive-date=11 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711032510/http://www.rg.ru/2009/02/09/migrant.html |url-status=live }}</ref> giving a total population of about 15.8 million.

'''Vital statistics for 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов российской федерации за декабрь 2024 года |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/EDN_12-2024.htm |url-status=live |access-date=25 February 2025 |website=Rosstat}}</ref>'''
* Births: 120,215 (9.1 per 1,000)
* Deaths: 116,478 (8.9 per 1,000)

'''Total fertility rate (2024):<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Рейтинг рождаемости в регионах: кто в лидерах, а кто в аутсайдерах {{!}} Москва |url=https://fedpress.ru/article/3365231 |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=ФедералПресс |language=ru-RU}}</ref>'''<br />
1.46 children per woman

'''Life expectancy (2021):'''<ref name="rosstat">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |title=Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |access-date=1 June 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821222854/https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
Total — 74.55 years (male&nbsp;— 71.00, female&nbsp;— 77.94)

===Religion===
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Moscow (2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Об оскорблении религиозных чувств |url=https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14494 |publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation) |language=ru |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420224528/https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14494 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Об оскорблении религиозных чувств |url=https://fom.ru/posts/download/14494 |publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation) |language=ru |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420225121/https://fom.ru/posts/download/14494 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|float=left
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|55}}
{{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] and [[irreligion]]|Black|28}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|8}}
{{Bar percent|Other religions|Red|3}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|2}}
{{Bar percent|Undeclared|Gray|4}}
}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| perrow            = 2
| total_width       = 350
| image1            = Moscow July 2011-6a.jpg
| width1            = 530
| height1           = 400
| image2            = Moscow Immaculate Conception Church asv2019-06 img1.jpg
| width2            = 500
| height2           = 400
| image3            = Московская хоральная синагога.jpg
| width3            = 530
| height3           = 400
| image4            = Moscow Cathedral Mosque 01-2016.jpg
| width4            = 500
| height4           = 400
| footer            = Clockwise from left: the [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]], demolished during the Soviet period and reconstructed from 1990–2000; [[Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Moscow)|Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception]]; [[Moscow Cathedral Mosque]]; and [[Moscow Choral Synagogue]]
}}

[[Christianity|Christians]] form the majority of the city's population; most of whom adhere [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. The [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'|Patriarch of Moscow]] serves as the head of the church and resides in the [[Danilov Monastery]]. Moscow was called the "city of 40 times 40 churches"—prior to 1917. Moscow is Russia's capital of [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]], which has been the [[Religion in Russia|country's traditional religion]].

Other religions practiced in Moscow include [[Buddhism in Russia|Buddhism]], [[Hinduism in Russia|Hinduism]], [[Islam in Russia|Islam]], [[Judaism]], [[Yazidism]], and [[Rodnovery]]. The Moscow Mufti Council claimed that [[Muslims]] numbered around 1.5 million of 10.5 million of the city's population in 2010.<ref name="Spie">{{cite magazine |author=Maxim Kireev |title=Planned Mosque Sparks Controversy in Russia |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,723799,00.html |magazine=[[Der Spiegel]] |access-date=8 February 2011 |archive-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410090113/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,723799,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There are four [[mosque]]s in the city.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kiran Moodley |title=Eid al-Fitr 2015: Drone shows huge crowds celebrating the end of Ramadan in Moscow |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eid-alfitr-2015-drone-shows-huge-crowds-celebrating-the-end-of-ramadan-in-moscow-10395950.html |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925190139/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eid-alfitr-2015-drone-shows-huge-crowds-celebrating-the-end-of-ramadan-in-moscow-10395950.html |url-status=live }}</ref>