Editing Mishnah (section)

==Commentaries==<!-- This section is linked from [[Maimonides]] -->
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[[File:Mishnah Commentary in Judeo-Arabic WDL3967.pdf|thumb|Rambam's Mishnah Commentary in Judeo-Arabic]]
[[File:Mishnah-Bartenura-Venice-1548-F-HB42445.pdf|thumb|''Bartenura'' Mishna commentary]]
[[File:שער - דפוס פראג שעה.png|thumb|Title page of the Mishna with the ''Tosefet Yom Tov'']]
[[File:משנה סדורה - סיכום הגמרא - חברותא.jpg|thumb|''Gemara'' students using the ''Mishnah Sdura'' to note their summary of each ''[[sugya]]'' alongside its Mishnah]]
The main work discussing the Mishnah is the Talmud, [[#Mishnah,_Gemara,_and_Talmud|as outlined]].
However, the Talmud is not usually viewed as a commentary on the Mishnah ''per se'', because:<ref>See for example § "Both Broad and Deep" under [https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/gemara-the-essence-of-the-talmud/ Gemara: The Essence of the Talmud], myjewishlearning.com</ref>
the Talmud also has many other goals; its analysis — "''[[Gemara]]''" — often entails long, tangential discussions; and neither version of the Talmud covers the entire Mishnah (each covers about 50–70% of the text).<ref>See summary of per-tractate coverage: {{cite book|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts|last=Birnbaum|first=Philip|chapter=Tractates|year=1975|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company|location=New York, NY|isbn=088482876X|page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/373 373-374]|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/373}}</ref> As a result, numerous [[Commentary (philology)|commentaries-proper]] on the Mishna have been written, typically intended to allow for the study of the work without requiring direct reference to (and facility for) the ''Gemara''.<ref>See this discussion on [https://hsc.one/post/moses-commentary1/ Moses Maimonides commentary]</ref>

===List of commentaries===
Commentaries by [[Rishonim]]:
* In 1168, [[Maimonides]] (Rambam) published ''Kitab as-Siraj'' (The Book of the Lantern, {{langx|ar|كتاب السراج}}) a comprehensive commentary on the Mishnah. It was written in Arabic using Hebrew letters (what is termed [[Judeo-Arabic languages|Judeo-Arabic]]) and was one of the first commentaries of its kind. In it, Rambam condensed the associated [[Gemara|Talmudical debates]], and offered his [[Posek|conclusions]] in a number of undecided issues. Of particular significance are the various introductory sections – as well as the introduction to the work itself<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.daat.ac.il/daat/mahshevt/hakdama/tohen-m-2.htm |title=הקדמה לפירוש המשנה |trans-title=Introduction to the Mishnah Commentary |website=Daat.ac.il |language=he |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> – these are widely quoted in other works on the Mishnah, and on the [[Oral law]] in general. Perhaps the most famous is his introduction to the tenth chapter of tractate Sanhedrin<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.daat.ac.il/daat/mahshevt/rambam/hakdamat-2.htm |title=הקדמת רמב"ם לפרק "חלק" |trans-title=Rambam's introduction to the chapter "Chelek" |website=Daat.ac.il |language=he |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref> where he enumerates the [[Maimonides#Thirteen principles of faith|thirteen fundamental beliefs]] of [[Judaism]]. An (incomplete) Hebrew translation was composed by the [[Ibn Tibbon]] family; a modern Hebrew translation is by Rabbi [[Yosef Kapach]]. 
* Rabbi [[Samson of Sens]] ("the Rash") was, apart from Maimonides, one of the few rabbis of the early medieval era to compose a Mishnah commentary on some tractates. It is printed in many editions of the Mishnah. It is interwoven with his commentary on major parts of the Tosefta.
* [[Asher ben Jehiel]] (Rosh)'s commentary on some tractates
* [[Menachem Meiri]]'s commentary on most of the Mishnah, [[Menachem_Meiri#Beit_HaBechirah|''Beit HaBechirah'']], providing a digest of the Talmudic-discussion and Rishonim there
* An 11th-century CE commentary of the Mishnah, composed by Rabbi [[Nathan ben Abraham I|Nathan ben Abraham]], President of the Academy in ''Eretz Israel''. This relatively unknown commentary was first printed in Israel in 1955.
* A 12th-century Italian commentary of the Mishnah, made by Rabbi [[Isaac ben Melchizedek]] (only ''[[Seder Zera'im]]'' is known to have survived)

Prominent commentaries by early [[Acharonim]]:
* Rabbi [[Obadiah ben Abraham]] of [[Bertinoro]] (15th century) wrote one of the most popular Mishnah commentaries. He draws on Maimonides' work but also offers Talmudical material (in effect a summary of the [[gemara|Talmudic discussion]]) largely following the commentary of [[Rashi]].<ref name=marvin>[https://trmarvin.substack.com/p/coffee-with-the-bartenura Coffee with the Bartenura]</ref> In addition to its role as a Mishnah commentary, this work is often used by students of Talmud as a review-text and is often referred to as "the ''Bartenura''" or "the ''Ra'V''".
* [[Yomtov Lipman Heller]] wrote a commentary called ''Tosefet Yom Tov.'' In the introduction Heller says that his aim is to add a supplement (''tosefet'') to Bertinoro's commentary in the style of the [[Tosafot]]. The glosses are sometimes quite detailed and analytic. In many compact Mishnah printings, a condensed version of his commentary, titled ''Ikar Tosefot Yom Tov'', is featured.

Other commentaries by early Acharonim:
* ''Melechet Shlomo'' ([[Solomon Adeni]]; early 17th century)
* [[:He: קב ונקי (פירוש למשנה)|''Kav veNaki'']] (Amsterdam 1697) by [https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5684-elisha-ben-abraham-ben-judah R. Elisha en Avraham], a brief commentary on the entire Mishnah drawing from "the ''Bartenura''", reprinted 20 times since its publication 
* ''Hon Ashir'' by [[Immanuel Hai Ricchi]] (Amsterdam 1731)
* The [[Vilna Gaon]] (''Shenot Eliyahu'' on parts of the Mishnah, and glosses ''Eliyaho Rabba'', ''Chidushei HaGra'', ''Meoros HaGra'')

19th century:
* A (the) prominent commentary here is ''Tiferet Yisrael'' by Rabbi [[Israel Lipschitz]]. It is subdivided into two parts, one more general and the other more analytical, titled ''Yachin'' and ''Boaz'' respectively (after two large pillars in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]]). Although Rabbi Lipschutz has faced some controversy in certain Hasidic circles, he was greatly respected by such sages as Rabbi [[Akiva Eiger]], whom he frequently cites, and is widely accepted in the [[Yeshiva]] world. The ''Tiferet Yaakov'' is an important gloss on the ''Tiferet Yisrael''.
*Others from this time include:
** Rabbi [[Akiva Eiger]] (glosses, rather than a commentary)
** ''Mishnah Rishonah'' on ''Zeraim'' and the ''Mishnah Acharonah'' on ''Tohorot'' (Rav Efrayim Yitzchok from Premishla)
** ''Sidrei Tohorot'' on ''Kelim'' and ''Oholot'' (the commentary on the rest of ''Tohorot'' and on ''Eduyot'' is lost) by [[Gershon Henoch Leiner]], the Radziner Rebbe
** ''Gulot Iliyot'' on ''Mikvaot'', by Rav Dov Ber Lifshitz 
** ''Ahavat Eitan'' by Rav Avrohom Abba Krenitz (the great grandfather of Rav [[Malkiel Kotler]])
** ''[[Chazon Ish]]'' on ''Zeraim'' and ''Tohorot''

20th century:
* [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]]'s commentary to Seder [[Zeraim]] with vocalization (partially available [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/33831 here]) in 1930 was one of the first attempts to create a modern commentary on Mishnah.<ref>Mordechai Meir, “Shisha Sidrei Ha-Mishna Menukadim U-mefurashim al Yedei Chaim Nachman Bialik: Kavim Le-mifalo Ha-nishkach shel Bialik,” Netuim 16 (5770), pp.191-208, available at: http://www.herzog.ac.il/vtc/tvunot/netuim16_meir.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627003600/http://www.herzog.ac.il/vtc/tvunot/netuim16_meir.pdf |date=2022-06-27 }}</ref> His decision to use the Vilna text (as opposed to a modern scholarly edition), and to write an introduction to every tractate describing its content and the relevant biblical material, influenced [[Hanoch Albeck]], whose project was considered a continuation and expansion of Bialik's. <ref>Hanoch Albeck, 'Introduction', ''Shisha Sidre Mishnah'' (Jerusalem: Mossad Bialik,)1:9.</ref>
* [[Hanoch Albeck]]'s edition (1952–59) (vocalized by [[Hanoch Yelon]]), includes Albeck's extensive commentary on each Mishnah, as well as introductions to each tractate (Masekhet) and order (Seder). This commentary tends to focus on the meaning of the mishnayot themselves, with less reliance on the Gemara's interpretation and is, therefore, considered valuable as a tool for the study of Mishnah as an independent work. Especially important are the scholarly notes in the back of the commentary.
* Symcha Petrushka's commentary was written in [[Yiddish]] in 1945 (published in Montreal).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Translating Jewish Poland into Canadian Yiddish: Symcha Petrushka's ''Mishnayes'' |last=Margolis |first=Rebecca |year=2009 |url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/ttr/2009-v22-n2-ttr3944/044829ar.pdf |journal=[[TTR: traduction, terminologie, rédaction]] |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=183–209 |access-date=9 October 2018|doi=10.7202/044829ar |doi-access=free }}</ref> Its vocalization is supposed to be of high quality.
* The commentary by Rabbi [[Pinhas Kehati]], which uses the Albeck text of the Mishnah, is written in [[Modern Hebrew|Modern Israeli Hebrew]] and based on classical and contemporary works, has become popular in the late 20th century. The commentary is designed to make the Mishnah accessible to a wide readership. Each tractate is introduced with an overview of its contents, including historical and legal background material, and each Mishnah is prefaced by a thematic introduction. The current version of this edition is printed with the Bartenura commentary as well as Kehati's.
* The encyclopedic editions put out by ''Mishnat Rav Aharon'' (''Beis Medrosho Govoah'', Lakewood) on ''Peah'', ''Sheviit'', ''Challah'', and ''Yadayim''.
* Rabbi [[Yehuda Leib Ginsburg]] wrote a commentary on ethical issues, ''Musar HaMishnah''. The commentary appears for the entire text except for [[Tohorot]] and [[Kodashim]].
* [[Shmuel Safrai]], Chana Safrai and [[Ze'ev Safrai]] have half completed a 45 volume socio-historic commentary "Mishnat Eretz Yisrael".<ref>See e.g. [https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnat_Eretz_Yisrael_on_Mishnah_Berakhot?tab=contents Mishnat Eretz Yisrael on Berakhot]</ref>
* [[:He:משנה סדורה (הוצאת ספרים)|''Mishnah Sdura'']], a format specially designed so as to facilitate recital and memorization, published by Rabbi E. Dordek in 1992. The layout is such that an entire chapter and its structure is readily visible, with each Mishnah, in turn, displayed in its component parts using line breaks (click on above image to view); includes tables summarizing each tractate, and the ''Kav veNaki'' commentary.
*[[ArtScroll]]'s "Elucidated Mishnah", a phrase-by-phrase translation and elucidation based on the Bertinoro - following the format of the [[Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud|Schottenstein Edition Talmud]]. Its "Yad Avraham" commentary comprises supplementary explanations and notes, drawing on the Gemara and the other Mishnah commentaries and cross referencing the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'' as applicable. The work also includes a general introduction to each tractate. The [[Modern Hebrew]] (''Ryzman'') edition includes all these features.