Editing Microfluidics (section)

===Cellular biophysics===

By rectifying the motion of individual swimming bacteria,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Galajda P, Keymer J, Chaikin P, Austin R | title = A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | volume = 189 | issue = 23 | pages = 8704–8707 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17890308 | pmc = 2168927 | doi = 10.1128/JB.01033-07 }}</ref>  microfluidic structures can be used to extract mechanical motion from a population of motile bacterial cells.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Angelani L, Di Leonardo R, Ruocco G | title = Self-starting micromotors in a bacterial bath | journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 102 | issue = 4 | pages = 048104 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19257480 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.048104 | arxiv = 0812.2375 | s2cid = 33943502 | bibcode = 2009PhRvL.102d8104A }}</ref>  This way, bacteria-powered rotors can be built.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Di Leonardo R, Angelani L, Dell'arciprete D, Ruocco G, Iebba V, Schippa S, Conte MP, Mecarini F, De Angelis F, Di Fabrizio E | display-authors = 6 | title = Bacterial ratchet motors | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 107 | issue = 21 | pages = 9541–9545 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20457936 | pmc = 2906854 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0910426107 | arxiv = 0910.2899 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010PNAS..107.9541D }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sokolov A, Apodaca MM, Grzybowski BA, Aranson IS | title = Swimming bacteria power microscopic gears | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 107 | issue = 3 | pages = 969–974 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 20080560 | pmc = 2824308 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0913015107 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010PNAS..107..969S }}</ref>