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===Mesoscale=== {{Main|Mesoscale meteorology}} Mesoscale meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena that has horizontal scales ranging from 1 km to 1000 km and a vertical scale that starts at the Earth's surface and includes the atmospheric boundary layer, troposphere, [[tropopause]], and the lower section of the [[stratosphere]]. The terms meso-alpha, meso-beta, and meso-gamma to classify the horizontal scales of atmospheric processes were introduced to the field of mesoscale meteorology by [[Isidoro Orlanski]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Orlanski |first=Isidoro |date=1975 |title=A Rational Subdivision of Scales for Atmospheric Processes |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=527β530 |issn=0003-0007 |jstor=26216020}}</ref> Mesoscale timescales last from less than a day to multiple weeks. The events typically of interest are [[thunderstorm]]s, [[squall line]]s, [[weather front|fronts]], [[rainbands|precipitation bands]] in [[tropical cyclone|tropical]] and [[extratropical cyclone]]s, and topographically generated weather systems such as mountain waves and [[sea breeze|sea and land breezes]].<ref>''[http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary Online Glossary of Meteorology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521084343/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary|date=21 May 2006}}'', [[American Meteorological Society]] [http://www.ametsoc.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216032618/http://www.ametsoc.org/|date=16 February 2006}}, 2nd Ed., 2000, [http://www.allenpress.com Allen Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223022159/http://allenpress.com/|date=23 February 2011}}.</ref>
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