Editing Media of Canada (section)

==Publishing==
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2021}}

===Books===
The first incident of printing in Canada came in 1752 with the Halifax Gazette. The history of the printed book is slightly different. In 1761, Anton Heinrich took over John Bushell's printing shop in Halifax. James Rivingston, a member of a family involved with bookselling and stationery in London, advertised a large stock of books and stationery for sale in Halifax. The first printing shop was established in 1764 by William Brown and Thomas Gilmore in Quebec. The earliest recorded [[almanac]] published in Canada was {{lang|fr|L'almanac de cabinet}}, printed by Brown and Gilmore in 1765.<ref>Fleming, Patricia. (2004). ''History of the Book in Canada''. University of Toronto Press. p. 25.</ref>

There are many who think that with the introduction of the Internet and e-reading, the printed book is on the decline for reasons of practicality; e-readers (such as the [[Amazon Kindle|Kindle]] and [[Kobo Inc.|Kobo]]) allow one to carry many books at once, are as portable as printed books, and provide instantaneous access to books (as opposed to having to search for printed books in a store). They can also be interactive, containing audio and image components and allowing readers to change font styles to suit their own preference.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.successconsciousness.com/ebooks_benefits.htm |title=The Advantages and Benefits of Ebooks |publisher=Successconsciousness.com |access-date=2011-12-16}}</ref>

Certain people{{Who|date=December 2011}} think that despite the introduction of [[e-books]], the printed book is not a dying medium. The death of the book was predicted with the advent of radio, then film, then with television, and more recently with the Internet. Because of its history of perseverance, some people have hope that it will survive despite the e-book's various advantages. More people around the world have access to books in printed form than to computers. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that reading off of a screen for long periods of time is less comfortable in the long run than reading print off of a page.<ref>{{cite web |author=JK Evanczuk |url=http://www.litdrift.com/2009/10/27/5-reasons-why-the-novel-is-not-a-dying-medium/ |title=5 Reasons Why the Novel Is Not A Dying Medium &#124; Lit Drift: Storytelling in the 21st Century |publisher=Lit Drift |date=2009-10-27 |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128090953/http://www.litdrift.com/2009/10/27/5-reasons-why-the-novel-is-not-a-dying-medium/ |archive-date=2012-01-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> For these reasons, whether or not the printed book is a dying medium in Canada can be debated either way; however, for now it seems that they are surviving and adapting (for example, through the use of more attractive graphics) despite such competition.

Canada is home to a robust book publishing industry that operates in both official languages.

'''English Language Publishers In Canada'''

* [[McClelland and Stewart]]
* which made its name in the 1970s as the leading publisher of English language [[Canadian literature]]. English Canada also has many smaller publishing houses, including [[Coach House Press]], [[the Porcupine's Quill]], [[House of Anansi]], [[Key Porter Books]], [[Hidden Brook Press]], and [[Douglas & McIntyre|Douglas & McIntyr]]
'''Foreign Publishers With Branches In Canada'''

* [[Coach House Press]], 
* [[the Porcupine's Quill]], [[House of Anansi]], [[Key Porter Books]], 
* [[Hidden Brook Press]] 
* [[Douglas & McIntyre|Douglas & McIntyr]]

Major francophone publishers in Quebec include Bibliothèque québécoise, Alire, Québec-Amérique, Éditions Guérin and Groupe Beauchemin. Several small francophone publishers also operate outside of Quebec, including [[Éditions Le Nordir]] and [[Prise de parole]].

Canada's largest English [[science fiction]] genre publisher is EDGE Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing. EDGE now also owns the Tesseract Books imprint, which is well known for producing excellent Canadian speculative fiction.

===Magazines===
{{Main|List of Canadian magazines}}
The first Canadian periodicals were established in Nova Scotia by people from New England. The first Canadian magazine was called ''[[Nova Scotia Magazine and Comprehensive Review of Literature, Politics, and News]]''. It was edited by William Cochran and printed by John Howe. Publication began in 1789 and lasted three years. This magazine dealt mostly with affairs concerning the British public, despite its being published at a time of colonization in Canada.<ref>Desbarats, Peter. (2009). "The Special Role of Magazines in the History of Canadian Mass Media and National Development." ''Communication History in Canada''. Oxford University Press. p.169.</ref> After this first publication, most magazines over the next fifty years in Canada only lasted a few years, often only a few months. The first ever bilingual magazine, published in 1792, was entitled ''Le Magasin de Québec''; it was published by Samuel Neilson.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sonia Sarfati |author2=Sandra Martin |author-link=Sonia Sarfati |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050523165957/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005028 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 23, 2005 |title=Magazines |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=2011-12-16}}</ref> Journalist and historian Michel Bibaud published ''La Bibliothèque Canadienne'' from 1825 to 1830, and John Lovell published the ''Literary Garland'' from 1838 to 1851. These were the most well-known exceptions to the rule that magazines lasted only a few years.<ref>Desbarats 2009, p.169.</ref> In the second half of the nineteenth century, the pace of magazine publishing in Canada picked up significantly. George Desbarats launched ''Canadian Illustrated News'' in 1869 and it lasted until 1883. ''Canadian Illustrated News'' was closely identified with a new emerging sense of Canadian nationalism, like other magazines of the time. Through the use of many pictures, Desbarats felt that the magazine would instill a sense of pride in readers for their Canadian name and society.<ref>Desbarats 2009, p.170</ref>

According to David Renard, "Over the next 10 years, the magazine industry will experience deep-rooted change from primarily a print-oriented business to one where digital products will represent the largest share of a smaller periodical industry. We expect digital to be the primary source of revenue for magazines past the 2016–2017 time frame."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whattheythink.com/articles/53438-magazine-industry-2020/ |title=Print is not Dead, but Most of the Magazine Industry will be Digital in 2020 |publisher=WhatTheyThink |access-date=2011-12-16}}</ref> He claims that although print is not dead, the magazine industry might become obsolete. Although he is referring to periodicals in the United States, similar patterns exist in Canada, since over ninety percent of the most popular periodicals sold in Canada are American. Some say that magazines are evolving rather than dying; they are adapting to new technology by creating online versions. For example, [[iPad]] versions of magazines have been created recently.<ref>{{cite web|title=Magazine Industry Not Dying, but Evolving|url=http://mmangrum.wordpress.com/2010/10/19/magazine-industry-not-dying-but-evolving/ |access-date=April 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005137/http://mmangrum.wordpress.com/2010/10/19/magazine-industry-not-dying-but-evolving/ |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |author=Meghan Mangrum | website= Meanderings Through Mass Media (blog)|date=20 October 2010 }}</ref> However, this still implies that the printed medium of periodicals is dying while online versions are gaining popularity.

A notable controversy in Canadian magazine publishing in recent years has been the existence of ''split run'' magazines, where a title published in another country, such as ''[[TIME]]'' or ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', is republished in Canada with a few pages of special Canadian content, in order to take advantage of Canadian [[advertising]] sales revenues. The government of Canada imposed a special [[excise tax]] on split run publications in 1995 to discourage the practice, although this continues to be controversial.

Magazines published in Canada include:

* ''[[L'Actualité]]''
* ''[[AdBusters]]''
* ''[[Auto Atlantic]]''{{snd}} East Coast auto magazine
* ''[[Canadian Business]]''
* ''[[Canadian Dimension]]''
* ''[[Canadian Geographic]]''
* ''[[Canadian Living]]''
* ''[[Chart (magazine)|Chart]]''
* ''[[Chatelaine (magazine)|Chatelaine]]''{{snd}} women's magazine
* ''[[Chickadee (magazine)|chickaDEE]]''
*''[[Cult MTL]]''
* ''[[Enterprise Mag]]''
* ''[[Exclaim!]]''
* ''[[Flare (magazine)|Flare]]''{{snd}} fashion
* ''[[Frank (magazine)|Frank]]''{{snd}} satirical
* ''[[Geist (magazine)|Geist]]''
* ''[[Literary Review of Canada]]''
* ''[[Maclean's]]''
* ''[[Maisonneuve (magazine)|Maisonneuve]]''
* ''[[MoneySense]]''
* ''[[My Halifax EXperience]]''
* ''[[Owl (magazine)|OWL]]''
* ''[[Saturday Night (magazine)|Saturday Night]]''
* ''[[Today's Parent]]''
* ''[[Sharp (magazine)]]''
* ''[[Toronto Life]]''
* ''[[This Magazine]]''
* ''[[Urban Male Magazine|UMM]]''
* ''[[Up Here (magazine)|Up Here]]''
* ''[[The Walrus]]''