Editing Manhattan (section)

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of New York City}}
[[File:Southwest corner of Central Park, looking east, NYC.jpg|thumb|[[Central Park]] in autumn]]

Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], New York City features both a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'');<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|last1=Peel|first1=M.C.|last2=Finlayson|first2=B.L.|publisher=The University of Melbourne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|archive-date=January 13, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=June 27, 2020}}</ref> it is the northernmost major city on the North American continent with a humid subtropical climate. The city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually.<ref name="noaasun"/>

Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore temper the moderating effects of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachians]] keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is {{convert|32.6|°F|1}};<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> temperatures usually drop to {{convert|10|°F|0}} several times per winter,<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /><ref name="NYC climate">{{cite web|title=The Climate of New York |publisher=New York State Climate Office |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |access-date=July 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 }}</ref> and reach {{convert|60|°F}} several days in the coldest winter month.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|76.5|°F|1}} in July.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the [[urban heat island]] phenomenon, which causes heat absorbed during the day to be radiated back at night, raising temperatures by as much as {{convert|7|F-change|0|abbr=on}} when winds are slow.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html "Keeping New York City 'Cool' Is The Job Of NASA's 'Heat Seekers'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001042214/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html |date=October 1, 2019 }}, [[NASA]], January 30, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The urban heat island occurrence is particularly pronounced during summer heat waves and at night when wind speeds are low and sea breezes are light. During these times, New York City's air temperatures can rise {{convert|7.2|F-change|abbr=on}} higher than in surrounding areas."</ref> Daytime temperatures exceed {{convert|90|°F|0}} on average of 17 days each summer<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> and in some years exceed {{convert|100|°F|0}}. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|-15|°F|0}}, recorded on February 9, 1934, up to {{convert|106|°F|0}} on July 9, 1936.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> Manhattan lies in USDA [[Hardiness zone|plant hardiness zone]] 7b (5 to 10&nbsp;°F/-15 to -12.2&nbsp;°C).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map {{!}} USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov}}</ref>

Manhattan receives {{convert|49.9|in|sigfig=3}} of [[precipitation]] annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been {{convert|25.8|in|cm|0}}; this varies considerably from year to year.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" />

{{Weather box
|name = New York City weatherbox
|location = New York ([[Belvedere Castle]], [[Central Park]]), 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1869–present{{efn|Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/centralpark/highlights/11956 Belvedere Castle], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Accessed January 5, 2024. "This changed in 1919 when the United States Weather Bureau moved the Central Park Observatory to the castle. Until that time, weather measurements were taken from the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street where Dr. Daniel Draper founded a meteorological observatory in 1869. The Weather Bureau took over the operation in 1911, and moved it here eight years later, enclosing the castle and altering the turret's shape to accommodate their scientific instruments. "</ref>}}
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 72
|Feb record high F = 78
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 106
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 106
<!-- To calculate avg record high, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, max temp as variable, and daily maximum under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record high F = 60.4
|Feb avg record high F = 60.7
|Mar avg record high F = 70.3
|Apr avg record high F = 82.9
|May avg record high F = 88.5
|Jun avg record high F = 92.1
|Jul avg record high F = 95.7
|Aug avg record high F = 93.4
|Sep avg record high F = 89.0
|Oct avg record high F = 79.7
|Nov avg record high F = 70.7
|Dec avg record high F = 62.9
|year avg record high F = 97.0
|Jan high F = 39.5
|Feb high F = 42.2
|Mar high F = 49.9
|Apr high F = 61.8
|May high F = 71.4
|Jun high F = 79.7
|Jul high F = 84.9
|Aug high F = 83.3
|Sep high F = 76.2
|Oct high F = 64.5
|Nov high F = 54.0
|Dec high F = 44.3
|year high F = 62.6
|Jan mean F = 33.7
|Feb mean F = 35.9
|Mar mean F = 42.8
|Apr mean F = 53.7
|May mean F = 63.2
|Jun mean F = 72.0
|Jul mean F = 77.5
|Aug mean F = 76.1
|Sep mean F = 69.2
|Oct mean F = 57.9
|Nov mean F = 48.0
|Dec mean F = 39.1
|year mean F = 55.8
|Jan low F = 27.9
|Feb low F = 29.5
|Mar low F = 35.8
|Apr low F = 45.5
|May low F = 55.0
|Jun low F = 64.4
|Jul low F = 70.1
|Aug low F = 68.9
|Sep low F = 62.3
|Oct low F = 51.4
|Nov low F = 42.0
|Dec low F = 33.8
|year low F = 48.9
<!-- To calculate avg record low, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, min as variable, and daily minium under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record low F =  9.8
|Feb avg record low F = 12.7
|Mar avg record low F = 19.7
|Apr avg record low F = 32.8
|May avg record low F = 43.9
|Jun avg record low F = 52.7
|Jul avg record low F = 61.8
|Aug avg record low F = 60.3
|Sep avg record low F = 50.2
|Oct avg record low F = 38.4
|Nov avg record low F = 27.7
|Dec avg record low F = 18.0
|year avg record low F = 7.7
|Jan record low F = −6
|Feb record low F = −15
|Mar record low F = 3
|Apr record low F = 12
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 44
|Jul record low F = 52
|Aug record low F = 50
|Sep record low F = 39
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 5
|Dec record low F = −13
|year record low F = -15
|precipitation color= green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.64
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.29
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.09
|May precipitation inch = 3.96
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.54
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.60
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.56
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.31
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.38
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.58
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.38
|year precipitation inch = 49.52

|Jan snow inch = 8.8
|Feb snow inch = 10.1
|Mar snow inch = 5.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.5
|Dec snow inch = 4.9
|year snow inch = 29.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.8
|Feb precipitation days = 10.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 11.5
|Jun precipitation days = 11.2
|Jul precipitation days = 10.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.0
|Sep precipitation days = 8.8
|Oct precipitation days = 9.5
|Nov precipitation days = 9.2
|Dec precipitation days = 11.4
|year precipitation days = 125.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.7
|Feb snow days = 3.2
|Mar snow days = 2.0
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 2.1
|year snow days = 11.4
|humidity color = green
|Jan humidity = 61.5
|Feb humidity = 60.2
|Mar humidity = 58.5
|Apr humidity = 55.3
|May humidity = 62.7
|Jun humidity = 65.2
|Jul humidity = 64.2
|Aug humidity = 66.0
|Sep humidity = 67.8
|Oct humidity = 65.6
|Nov humidity = 64.6
|Dec humidity = 64.1
|year humidity= 63.0
|Jan sun = 162.7
|Feb sun = 163.1
|Mar sun = 212.5
|Apr sun = 225.6
|May sun = 256.6
|Jun sun = 257.3
|Jul sun = 268.2
|Aug sun = 268.2
|Sep sun = 219.3
|Oct sun = 211.2
|Nov sun = 151.0
|Dec sun = 139.0
|year sun =
|Jan percentsun = 54
|Feb percentsun = 55
|Mar percentsun = 57
|Apr percentsun = 57
|May percentsun = 57
|Jun percentsun = 57
|Jul percentsun = 59
|Aug percentsun = 63
|Sep percentsun = 59
|Oct percentsun = 61
|Nov percentsun = 51
|Dec percentsun = 48
|year percentsun = 57
|source 1= [[NOAA]]<ref name = "New York City Weatherbox NOAA" >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = May 4, 2021 |archive-date = May 27, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150527215410/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504224841/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |archive-date=May 4, 2021 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020 |access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref><ref name = noaasun>{{cite web|title=New York Central Park, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00305801.TXT|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref>
|source 2= Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas NYC">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/new-york-usa/new-york-climate |title=New York, New York, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=July 4, 2019 }}</ref>
}}