Editing Malayalam script (section)

====Consonants====

=====Basic consonant letters=====
The following tables show the basic consonant letters of the Malayalam script, with '''romanizations''' in [[ISO 15919]], transcriptions in [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], and Unicode {{mono|CHARACTER NAMES}}. The character names used in the report of the Government of Kerala committee (2001) are shown in ''lowercase italics'' when different from Unicode character names.<ref name="K"/> Those alternative names are based on the traditional romanization used by the [[Malayali]] people. For example, ''tha'' in "[[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvanan''tha''puram]]" is neither ISO '''tha''' nor Unicode {{mono|THA}}, but ''tha'' in this sense ({{lang|ml|ത}}). The [[Indian Script Code for Information Interchange|ISCII]] (IS 13194:1991) character names are given in parentheses when different from the above.
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:30px"
|+''[[Shiksha#Pratishakhyas|Varga]]'' consonants
!rowspan="2"|&nbsp;!!colspan="2"|[[Voiceless]]!!colspan="3"|[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
|-
!Unaspirated!![[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]!!Unaspirated!!Aspirated!![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|-
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ക|ipa=/ka/|iso=ka|notes={{mono|KA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഖ|ipa=/kʰa/|iso=kha|notes={{mono|KHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഗ|ipa=/ɡa/|iso=ga|notes={{mono|GA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഘ|ipa=/ɡʱa/|iso=gha|notes={{mono|GHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ങ|ipa=/ŋa/|iso=ṅa|notes={{mono|NGA}} }}
|-
![[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]<br />or<br />[[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]<br />
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ച|ipa=/t͡ʃa/|iso=ca|notes={{mono|CHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഛ|ipa=/t͡ʃʰa/|iso=cha|notes={{mono|CHHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ജ|ipa=/d͡ʒa/|iso=ja|notes={{mono|JA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഝ|ipa=/d͡ʒʱa/|iso=jha|notes={{mono|JHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഞ|ipa=/ɲa/|iso=ña|notes={{mono|NHA}} |note=(nja) }}
|-
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ട|ipa=/ʈa/|iso=ṭa|notes={{mono|TTA}} |note=(hard ta) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഠ|ipa=/ʈʰa/|iso=ṭha|notes={{mono|TTHA}} |note=(hard tha) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഡ|ipa=/ɖa/|iso=ḍa|notes={{mono|DDA}} |note=(hard da) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഢ|ipa=/ɖʱa/|iso=ḍha|notes={{mono|DDHA}} |note=(hard dha) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ണ|ipa=/ɳa/|iso=ṇa|notes={{mono|NNA}} |note=(hard na) }}
|-
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ത|ipa=/t̪a/|iso=ta|notes={{mono|TA}} |note=(soft ta) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഥ|ipa=/t̪ʰa/|iso=tha|notes={{mono|THA}} |note=(soft tha) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ദ|ipa=/d̪a/|iso=da|notes={{mono|DA}} |note=(soft da) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ധ|ipa=/d̪ʱa/|iso=dha|notes={{mono|DHA}} |note=(soft dha) }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ന|ipa=/n̪a, na/|iso=na|notes={{mono|NA}} |note=(soft na) }}
|-
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=പ|ipa=/pa/|iso=pa|notes={{mono|PA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഫ|ipa=/pʰa/|iso=pha|notes={{mono|PHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ബ|ipa=/ba/|iso=ba|notes={{mono|BA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഭ|ipa=/bʱa/|iso=bha|notes={{mono|BHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=മ|ipa=/ma/|iso=ma|notes={{mono|MA}} }}
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:30px"
|+Other consonants
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=യ|ipa=/ja/|iso=ya|notes={{mono|YA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ര|ipa=/ɾa/|iso=ra|notes={{mono|RA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ല|ipa=/la/|iso=la|notes={{mono|LA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=വ|ipa=/ʋa/|iso=va|notes={{mono|VA}} }}
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:30px"
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ശ|ipa=/ɕa/|iso=śa|notes={{mono|SHA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഷ|ipa=/ʂa/|iso=ṣa|notes={{mono|SSA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=സ|ipa=/sa/|iso=sa|notes={{mono|SA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഹ|ipa=/ha/<ref name="Grammatical Sketch"/>|iso=ha|notes={{mono|HA}} }}
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:30px"
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ള|ipa={{IPAslink|ɭ|ɭa}}|iso=ḷa|notes={{mono|LLA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഴ|ipa={{IPAslink|ɻ|ɻa}}|iso=ḻa|notes={{mono|LLLA}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=റ|ipa=/ra, ta/|iso=ṟa|notes={{mono|RRA}}{{Refn|group=note|name=K|(1) Repetition of this letter ({{lang|ml|റ + റ}}) represents a [[gemination|geminated]] [[voiceless alveolar plosive]], {{IPA|/tːa/}}, it can also occur initially in loans where it can not be geminated; (2) ''[[#Chillus|chillu-n]]'' + this letter ({{lang|ml|ൻ + റ}}) often represents {{IPA|[nda]}}; (3) otherwise [[alveolar trill]] (apical) {{IPA|/ra/}}.}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഩ|ipa=/na/|iso=ṉa|notes={{mono|NNNA}}{{refn|group=note|name=L|Corresponds to Tamil ''ṉa'' {{lang|ta|ன}}. Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the alveolar nasal, as opposed to the dental nasal.<ref name="N3494">{{Cite web|title=Proposal to add two characters for Malayalam to the BMP of the UCS|first=Michael|last=Everson|work=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3494|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3494.pdf|year=2007|access-date=2009-09-09|author-link=Michael Everson}}</ref> In ordinary texts both are represented by ''na'' {{lang|ml|ന}}.}} }}
| {{Letter|s=Mlym|ch=ഺ|ipa=/ta/|iso=ṯa|notes={{mono|TTTA}}{{refn|group=note|name=M|Used rarely in scholarly texts to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, as opposed to the [[voiceless dental plosive]] represented by ''ta'' {{lang|ml|ത}}. In ordinary texts this sound is represented by ''ṟṟa'' {{lang|ml|റ്റ}}.<ref name="N3494"/>}} }}
|}
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