Editing Madama Butterfly (section)

== Adaptations ==
{{stack|[[File:Anna May Wong holds child in The Toll of the Sea.jpg|thumb|[[Anna May Wong]] holding the child in the 1922 film ''[[The Toll of the Sea]]'']]}}
* 1915: [[Madame Butterfly (1915 film)|A silent film version]] was directed by [[Sidney Olcott]] and starred [[Mary Pickford]].<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q610607|title=Madame Butterfly}}</ref>
* 1919: A silent (tinted) film version (titled ''[[Harakiri (1919 film)|Harakiri]]'') directed by [[Fritz Lang]] and starring Paul Biensfeldt, Lil Dagover, Georg John and Niels Prien.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://a-cinema-history.blogspot.com/2014/08/harakiri-1919-madame-butterfly.html|title=A cinema history|access-date=13 August 2014|archive-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815141515/http://a-cinema-history.blogspot.com/2014/08/harakiri-1919-madame-butterfly.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1922: A silent color film, ''[[The Toll of the Sea]]'', based on the opera/play was released. This movie, which starred [[Anna May Wong]] in her first leading role, moved the storyline to China. It was the second [[Technicolor#Two-color Technicolor|two-color Technicolor]] motion picture ever released and the first film made using Technicolor Process 2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moma.org/visit/calendar/film_screenings/23968 |title=Film Screenings (June 7, 2015) |publisher=[[Museum of Modern Art]] |access-date=6 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804222835/http://www.moma.org/visit/calendar/film_screenings/23968 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1931: ''Concise Chōchō-san'' by the [[Takarazuka Revue]]<ref>[http://apjjf.org/2016/14/Selden-4.html The Takarazuka Concise Madame Butterfly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820162858/http://apjjf.org/2016/14/Selden-4.html |date=20 August 2016 }} tr. by K. and L. Selden, introduced by A. Groos in ''Japan Focus'' 14, 14, 7 (July 2016)</ref>
* 1932: ''[[Madame Butterfly (1932 film)|Madame Butterfly]]'', a non-singing drama (with ample portions of Puccini's score in the musical underscoring) made by [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] starring [[Sylvia Sidney]] and [[Cary Grant]] in black & white.<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q1883152|title=Madame Butterfly (1932)}}</ref>
* 1940: {{Nihongo|''Ochō Fujin no Gensō''|お蝶夫人の幻想}} "[[Madame Butterfly's Illusion]]", a 12-minute Japanese [[silhouette animation]] film.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Madame Butterfly |last=Clements |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Clements |author2=Helen McCarthy |author2-link=Helen McCarthy |encyclopedia=[[The Anime Encyclopedia|The Anime Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917]] |date=2006 |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=Berkeley, Cal. |isbn=978-1-933330-10-5 |oclc=71237342 |pages=387–388 (print) |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZg4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT530 |access-date=17 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=134075 |title=お蝶夫人の幻想 |publisher=allcinema |access-date=18 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1940/bp002090.htm |title=お蝶夫人の幻想 |publisher=[[Japanese Movie Database]] |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062901/http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1940/bp002090.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1954: ''[[Madame Butterfly (1954 film)|Madame Butterfly]]'', a screen adaptation of the opera, directed by [[Carmine Gallone]] jointly produced by Italy's [[Cineriz]] and Japan's [[Toho]]. The film was shot in Technicolor at [[Cinecittà]] in Rome, Italy. Starring Japanese actress [[Kaoru Yachigusa]] as Cio-Cio San and Italian tenor [[Nicola Filacuridi]] as Pinkerton, and with Japanese actors and Italian actors, dubbed by Italian opera singers.<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q25209679|title=Madama Butterfly (1954)}}</ref>
* 1965: ''Sao Krua Fah'', a [[16 mm film|16 mm]] [[Cinema of Thailand|Thai film]] starred by [[Mitr Chaibancha]] and Pisamai Wilaisak.<ref>{{cite web|title=สาวเครือฟ้าและมิสไซ่ง่อน ผลผลิตจากละครเวทีแม่แบบ…มาดามบัตเตอร์ฟลาย|url=https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_23671|work=Art & Culture|date=2018-11-29|access-date=2021-08-23|first=Chutipong|last=Patase|language=Thai|trans-title=''Sao Krua Fah'' and ''Miss Saigon'' product from the original stage play ... ''Madame Butterfly''}}</ref> 
* 1974: ''Madama Butterfly'', a German television adaptation of the opera starring [[Mirella Freni]] and [[Plácido Domingo]], directed by [[Jean-Pierre Ponnelle]] and conducted by [[Herbert von Karajan]].<ref>{{Discogs release|id=7555026}}
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* 1988: The play ''[[M. Butterfly]]'' by [[David Henry Hwang]] is partially based on ''Madama Butterfly'' as well as the story of French diplomat [[Bernard Boursicot]] and the Beijing opera singer [[Shi Pei Pu]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rich|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Rich|date=1988-03-21|title=Review/Theater; ''M. Butterfly'', a Story of a Strange Love, Conflict and Betrayal|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/21/theater/review-theater-m-butterfly-a-story-of-a-strange-love-conflict-and-betrayal.html|access-date=2023-01-20|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115003117/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/21/theater/review-theater-m-butterfly-a-story-of-a-strange-love-conflict-and-betrayal.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wadler|first=Joyce|author-link=Joyce Wadler|date=2009-07-02|title=Shi Pei Pu, Singer, Spy and 'M. Butterfly', Dies at 70|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/world/asia/02shi.html|access-date=2023-01-20|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201023459/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/world/asia/02shi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1989: ''[[Miss Saigon]]'', a musical by [[Claude-Michel Schönberg]] and [[Alain Boublil]], is inspired by the opera, focusing on a doomed romance between an American [[Marines|Marine]] and a Vietnamese [[bargirl]] and transporting the action to the end and aftermath of the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatermania.com/news/metamorphosis-from-madama-butterfly-to-m-butterfly-and-miss-saigon_83073/|title=Metamorphosis From ''Madama Butterfly'' to ''M. Butterfly'' and ''Miss Saigon''|date=7 November 2017|website=TheaterMania|access-date=10 June 2024|archive-date=10 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610145602/https://www.theatermania.com/news/metamorphosis-from-madama-butterfly-to-m-butterfly-and-miss-saigon_83073/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1995: [[Frédéric Mitterrand]] directed a film version of the opera, ''[[Madame Butterfly (1995 film)|Madame Butterfly]]'', in [[Tunisia]], North Africa, starring [[Richard Troxell]] and Chinese singer [[Ying Huang (soprano)|Ying Huang]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q3275248}}</ref>
* 1995: Australian choreographer [[Stanton Welch]] created a ballet, inspired by the opera, for [[The Australian Ballet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/welch_s.html|title=Stanton Welch – Credits and biography|website=abt.org|access-date=5 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063358/http://www.abt.org/education/archive/choreographers/welch_s.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1996: The album ''[[Pinkerton (album)|Pinkerton]]'' by the rock band [[Weezer]] was based loosely on the opera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/9590-rivers-cuomo/ |title=Rivers Cuomo |work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |last=Cohen |first=Ian |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215115742/http://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/9590-rivers-cuomo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2004: On the 100th anniversary of ''Madama Butterfly'', [[Shigeaki Saegusa]] composed ''Jr. Butterfly'' to a libretto by [[Masahiko Shimada]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2004/4/News/Japanese_Composer_Writes_Sequel_to_Madama_Butterfly_Jr__Butterfly___no_joke_.html |title=Japanese Composer Writes Sequel to Madama Butterfly:Jr. Butterfly...no joke. > Opera News > The Met Opera Guild |date=1 April 2004 |work=Opera News |access-date=15 February 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120144306/https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2004/4/News/Japanese_Composer_Writes_Sequel_to_Madama_Butterfly_Jr__Butterfly___no_joke_.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2011: ''{{ill|Cho cho san (novel)|lt=Cho cho san|ja|蝶々さん (小説)}}'', Japanese novel, and TV drama series based on the novel, written by {{ill|Shinichi Ichikawa|ja|市川森一}}. Based on the original opera, the story depicts the sorrowful love and turbulent life of a samurai's daughter who loses her parents at a young age and becomes the apprentice of a geisha, set in the early Meiji era in Nagasaki, Japan. Starring Japanese actress [[Aoi Miyazaki]] as Cho Ito (Cho cho san).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www6.nhk.or.jp/drama/pastprog/detail.html?i=choucho2011|title=宮崎あおい主演で「蝶々夫人」をドラマ化...『蝶々さん』|work=[[NHK]] Drama|date=19 October 2011|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909082252/https://www6.nhk.or.jp/drama/pastprog/detail.html?i=choucho2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2013: ''Cho Cho'', musical drama by [[Daniel Keene]], music by Cheng Jin, set in 1930s Shanghai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre-review-cho-cho-20131003-2uxpa.html|title=Theatre review: ''Cho Cho''|author=Cameron Woodhead|date=4 October 2013|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101193844/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre-review-cho-cho-20131003-2uxpa.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2021: ''Mariposa'', an operatic dance-drama set in post-revolution Cuba where a local rent boy and a foreign sailor fall in love.<ref>{{Cite web|title=''Mariposa''|url=http://www.denada-dance.com/mariposa-1|access-date=2024-06-24|publisher=DeNada Dance Theatre, [[Birmingham Hippodrome]]|archive-date=24 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624130004/http://www.denada-dance.com/mariposa-1|url-status=live}}</ref>