Editing Lynching (section)

====Uganda====
According to Ugandan news media, Uganda has had a continuing problem with lynchings from at least 2000. Example headlines with a smattering of contents, starting from 2000, include: 'Report Condemns Mob Justice' (Monitor, 2000);<ref>Mohammed, Katamba G. 2000. 'Report Condemns Mob Justice,' Monitor, December 1, http://allafrica.com/stories/200012010069.html.</ref> 'Rule of Jungle is Around the Corner' (Monitor, 2002, from which, "[Given the increasing level of robberies and murders in and around Kampala,] there is an increasing number [of people] who are taking the law in their hands. They are not just apprehending suspects, beating them up and handing them half-dead to the Police[; t]hey kill them, and in very dramatic and horrific fashion. They are impaling them on stakes, or tying them together if they are in a group and burning them up to name a few methods of choice");<ref>'Rule of Jungle is Around the Corner,' Monitor, June 7, 2002, http://allafrica.com/stories/200206070063.html.</ref> 'Mob Justice Still a Serious Problem in Kampala,' (URN, 2006);<ref>Kagumire, Rosebell. 2006. 'Mob Justice Still a Serious Problem in Kampala,' URN, August 14, https://www.ugandaradionetwork.net/story/mob-justice-still-a-serious-problem-in-kampala.</ref> 'Mob Justice Thrives' (The New Vision, 2007, from which, "A total of 197 people were killed in mob justice in Uganda last year alone, according to the 2006 Police crime report. Theft was the leading cause of lynching, accounting for 108 cases. Other victims were accused of robbery (14), witchcraft (13), murder (12), burglary (6) and other suspected crimes (31). Of the people lynched in 2006, 191 were male while six were female");<ref>'Mob Justice Thrives,' The New Vision, August 24, https://allafrica.com/stories/200708260048.html.</ref> 'Mob Justice[: A] Problem That Just Won't Go Away' (The New Vision, 2009, including, "Since 2000, many people have been killed by mobs" );<ref>'Mob Justice[: A] Problem That Just Won't Go Away,' The New Vision, April 2, https://allafrica.com/stories/201104040077.html.</ref> 'Mob Justice in Uganda: A Troubling Issue' (NilePost, 2023, from which, "Mob justice in Uganda is a serious issue that requires our attention and concerted efforts to address the underlying problems. We must work together to create a Uganda where justice is achieved through a fair and equitable legal system, ensuring the rights and safety of all citizens");<ref>NP admin. 2023. 'Mob Justice in Uganda: A Troubling Issue', NilePost, October 6, https://nilepost.co.ug/news/173822.</ref> "Deadly Consequences of Mob 'Justice'" (Monitor, 2025).<ref>Kyeyune, Elvis Basudde. 2025. 'Deadly Consequences of Mob 'Justice,' Monitor, April 16, https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/deadly-consequences-of-mob-justice--5005136.</ref>

Glad et al. (2010),<ref>Glad, Robin, Åsa Strömberg, & Anton Westerlund. 2010. Mob Justice: A Qualitative Research regarding Vigilante Justice in Modern Uganda. Bachelor's degree final essay, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/23084/?sequence=1.</ref> in a Bachelor's final essay about Ugandan mob justice, summarize briefly, from among prior work on the subject, three Makerere University studies (Nalukenge 2001,<ref>Nalukenge, Harriet A. 2001. The Right to Life: A Case Study of the Mob Justice "System" in Uganda. Bachelor's thesis, Makerere University, Kampala.</ref> Kanaabi 2004,<ref>Kanaabi, Margaret. 2004. An Assessment of the Factors Responsible for Mob Justice in the Management of Public Affairs in Kampala District. Master's dissertation, Makerere University, Kampala.</ref> Mutabazi 2006<ref>Mutabazi, Sam Stewart. 2006. Mob Justice as a Violation of [an] Individual's Human Rights: A Case Study of Kampala District. Master's dissertation, Makerere University, Kampala.</ref>) and a journal article (Baker 2005<ref>Baker, Bruce. 2005. Multi-Choice Policing in Uganda. Policing & Society 15(1), http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713947725 (February 10, 2010).</ref>).<ref>Glad et al. (2010:18-19).</ref>

Parenthetically, another source on lynchings in Uganda, Mutabazi (2012),<ref>Mutabazi, Sam Stewart. 2012. Mob Justice in Uganda: Lack of Faith in the Judicial Process (Communities Taking the Law into Their Hands. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing: Saarbrücken, Germany.</ref> according to some of its early contents, appears to be (no more than) a tweaked-for-publication form of Mutabazi (2006). Mutabazi (2012) does not, e.g., refer to relevant (see in the previous paragraph) 2007 and 2008 lynching figures noted in Glad et al. (2010), but only to 244 and 273 reported cases of mob justice for 2001 and 2002, respectively;<ref>Mutabazi (2012:1, 3), with context not making it clear that all the reported cases cited were lethal.</ref> and, in its acknowledgments, Mutabazi refers to Mutabazi (2012) as "this dissertation" and has him thanking, among others, his supervisor and his course coordinator.<ref>Ibid.:iv.</ref>

Glad et al. (2010) also cite, from the Uganda Police's Crime Report 2008,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scribd.com/document/354067527/Annual-Crime-Report-2008 | title=Annual Crime Report 2008 &#124; PDF &#124; Crime & Violence &#124; Crime Thriller }}</ref> 2007 and 2008 lynching figures of 184 and 368, respectively. They relate, from the report, that the 2008 figure is a 100% increase on the 2007 one; that there was nothing suggesting this "negative trend" was about to reverse itself; that the number of 2007 and 2008 lynchings were, to boot, surely under-reported; that "[t]he most common reasons for a mob to take the law into their own hands [were] theft, murder, robbery, witchcraft and burglary." They say, further, that the Ugandan media carried articles "almost daily regarding mob justice situations in different parts of the country and for different reasons"; that these articles "often tell the same stories about victims beaten or burned to death" for alleged offenses.<ref>Glad et al. (2010:3).</ref>

The Uganda Police's Annual Crime Report 2010, for the years 2009 and 2010, has 'Death (by Mob Action)' victims numbering 364 and 438, respectively.<ref>Ugfacts.net. Uganda Police Annual Crime Report 2010, https://ugfacts.net/uganda-police-annual-crime-report-2010/.</ref>

The Uganda Police's Annual Crime Report 2019 says, "A total of 773 persons were lynched [in 2019], out of whom, 749 were male adults, 17 were female adults, 05 were male juveniles and 02 were female juveniles."<ref>Uganda Police Force Annual Crime Report 2019, https://thecitizenreport.ug/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Annual-Crime-Report-2019-Public.pdf, 39.</ref>

The Uganda Police Force's Annual Crime Report 2024 appears to report 1,032 (not 1,078, per a mistake in the sum of a table's column) lynched persons from 1,016 reported cases of 'Murder by Mob Action'.<ref>Uganda Police Force Annual Crime Report 2024, https://upf.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ACR2024.pdf, 43.</ref>

One example case for 2025 is the lynching of police constable Suleiman Chemonges, at a burial service in Ibanda;<ref>Mutiso, John. 2025. 'How Police Officer Was Lynched by Mob at Burial over Land Dispute,' Unzalendo News, https://uzalendonews.co.ke/how-police-officer-was-lynched-by-mob-at-burial-over-land-dispute/.</ref> another is the double-lynching of teenage brothers Paul Amukanga and Stanley Opidi, though several facts of the case differ for the time being, depending on which country's media reports it, whether Uganda's<ref>[A]dmin. 2025. 'Tragic Loss: Ugandan Mother Speaks Out on Lynching of Her Two Sons,' Uganda News, February 27, https://ugandanews.org/tragic-loss-ugandan-mother-speaks-out-on-lynching-of-her-two-sons/.</ref> or Kenya's.<ref>Juliet, Omelo. 2025. 'Ugandan Mob Lynches Two Teenagers amid Tensions at Kenya-Uganda Border,' Standard, March 20, https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/counties/article/2001514291/ugandan-mob-lynches-two-teenagers-amid-tensions-at-kenya-uganda-border.</ref>