Editing Loom (section)

====Jacquard head====
{{main|Jacquard loom}}
The '''Jacquard loom''' is a mechanical loom, invented by [[Joseph Marie Jacquard]] in 1801, which simplifies the process of manufacturing figured textiles with complex patterns such as [[Brocade (fabric)|brocade]], [[damask]], and [[matelasse]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Eric |last=Hobsbawm |title=The Age of Revolution |location=London |publisher=Abacus |orig-year=1962 |date=2008 |page=45}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christinalynn.com/fabric-glossary.shtml |title=Fabric Glossary |work=Christina Lynn |access-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105170019/http://www.christinalynn.com/fabric-glossary.shtml |archive-date=5 January 2009 }}</ref> The loom is controlled by [[punched card]]s with punched holes, each row of which corresponds to one row of the design. Multiple rows of holes are punched on each card and the many cards that compose the design of the textile are strung together in order. It is based on earlier inventions by the Frenchmen [[Basile Bouchon]] (1725), Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728), and [[Jacques Vaucanson]] (1740).{{sfn|Razy|1913|p=120}} To call it a loom is a misnomer. A Jacquard head could be attached to a power loom or a handloom, the head controlling which warp thread was raised during shedding. Multiple shuttles could be used to control the colour of the weft during picking. The Jacquard loom is the predecessor to the [[Punched card input/output|computer punched card reader]]s of the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geselowitz |first1=Michael N.|title=The Jacquard Loom: A Driver of the Industrial Revolution|url=http://theinstitute.ieee.org/tech-history/technology-history/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution|work=The Institute: The IEEE news source |date=18 July 2016 |publisher=IEEE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401074908/http://theinstitute.ieee.org/tech-history/technology-history/the-jacquard-loom-a-driver-of-the-industrial-revolution|archive-date=1 April 2018 |access-date=31 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Loom.jpg|The punched-card control mechanism of a [[Jacquard loom]] in use in 2009, [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.
File:JacquardLoomsSAFALodzPoland.jpg|Hand operated Jacquard looms in the Textile Department of the Strzemiński Academy of Fine Arts in [[Łódź]], Poland.
File:JacquardWeavingPoland.jpg| Battening on a Jacquard loom in Łódź.
File:Industry during the First World War- Leicestershire Q28124.jpg|A female worker changing jacquard cards in a lace machine in a Nottingham factory (1918).
File:Indian boy and looms.jpg|Boy next to two weaving looms with the weaving pattern on reams of paper (India).
File:PunchingJacquardCardPoland.jpg|Following the pattern, holes are punched in the appropriate places on a Jacquard card.
File:Telar manual y máquina de Jacquard 12.jpg|Manual loom with double width and Jacquard loom, Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda of Valencia.
File:Masson Mills WTM 13 Hattersley Jacquard 5976.JPG|The Jacquard cards control the heads on a loom.
</gallery>