Editing Liverpool (section)

==Geography==
=== Environment ===
[[File:Liverpool Bay.png|thumb|[[Satellite imagery]] showing [[Liverpool Bay]], Liverpool and the wider [[Merseyside]] area]]
Liverpool has been described as having "the most splendid setting of any English city".<ref>The Buildings of England – Lancashire: Liverpool and the Southwest By Richard Pollard, Nikolaus Pevsner, Yale University Press, 2006, p243</ref> At {{Coord|53|24|0|N|2|59|0|W|type:city}} (53.4, −2.98), {{convert|176|mi|km|abbr=off|0}} northwest of London, located on the [[Liverpool Bay]] of the [[Irish Sea]], Liverpool is built across a ridge of [[sandstone]] hills rising up to a height of around {{convert|230|ft|m}} above sea-level at Everton Hill, which represents the southern boundary of the [[West Lancashire Coastal Plain]].

The [[Mersey Estuary]] separates Liverpool from the [[Wirral Peninsula]]. The boundaries of Liverpool are adjacent to [[Bootle]], [[Crosby, Merseyside|Crosby]] and [[Maghull]] in south [[Metropolitan Borough of Sefton|Sefton]] to the north, and [[Kirkby]], [[Huyton]], [[Prescot]] and [[Halewood]] in [[Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley|Knowsley]] to the east.

===Climate===
{{main|Climate of Liverpool}}
{{climate chart
|Liverpool
|3|8|69
|3|8|57
|4|10|53
|6|13|50
|8|16|53
|11|18|64
|14|20|66
|14|20|72
|11|18|77
|9|14|90
|6|11|82
|3|8|92
|source=[https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gctb66ydw Met Office]
|float=right
}}
Liverpool experiences a [[temperate]] [[Oceanic climate|maritime climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''), like much of the British Isles, with relatively mild summers, cool winters and rainfall spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Rainfall and temperature records had been kept at [[Bidston Hill]] since 1867, but records for atmospheric pressure go back as far as at least 1846.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224035445/http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/|archive-date=24 February 2011|title=Historical weather data for Bidston Observatory|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> Bidston closed down in 2002 but the [[Met Office]] also has a weather station at [[Crosby, Merseyside|Crosby]]. Since records began in 1867, temperatures have ranged from {{convert|-17.6|C|F}} on 21 December 2010 to {{convert|34.5|C|F}} on 2 August 1990, although [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport|Liverpool Airport]] recorded a temperature of {{convert|35.0|C|F}} on 19 July 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/2006/ws-33233.html|title=Climate Liverpool Airport (Year 2006) – Climate data (33233)|work=En.tutiempo.net|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509220750/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/2006/ws-33233.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The lowest amount of sunshine on record was 16.5 hours in December 1927 whereas the most was 314.5 hours in July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bidston Observatory recorded hours of sunshine|url=http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/sunshinehours.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709125731/http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/sunshinehours.pdf|archive-date=9 July 2011|access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/liverpool-weather/merseyside/gb.aspx|title=Liverpool Monthly Climate Averages|website=WorldWeatherOnline.com|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509210229/https://www.worldweatheronline.com/liverpool-weather/merseyside/gb.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Tornado|Tornado activity]] or [[funnel cloud]] formation is very rare in and around the Liverpool area and tornadoes that do form are usually weak. Recent tornadoes or funnel clouds in Merseyside have been seen in 1998 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/1998/ws-33233.html|title=Climate Liverpool Airport (Year 1998) – Climate data (33233)|work=En.tutiempo.net|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509215634/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/1998/ws-33233.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Georgia|last=Morgan|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/official-tornado-spotted-m53-motorway-7906550|title=Official: Tornado spotted on M53 motorway in Wirral|work=Liverpool Echo|date=8 October 2014|access-date=17 February 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509215634/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/official-tornado-spotted-m53-motorway-7906550|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the period 1981–2010, Crosby recorded an average of 32.8 days of air frost per year, which is low for the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gctb66ydw|title=Crosby climate information|publisher=Met Office|date=1 May 2014|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110031823/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages|url-status=live}}</ref> Snow is fairly common during the winter although heavy snow is rare. Snow generally falls between November and March but can occasionally fall earlier and later. In recent times, the earliest snowfall was on 1 October 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/10-2008/ws-33233.html|title=Climate Liverpool Airport (October 2008) – Climate data (33233)|work=En.tutiempo.net|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509230951/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/10-2008/ws-33233.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while the latest occurred on 15 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/05-2012/ws-33233.html|title=Climate Liverpool Airport (May 2012) – Climate data (33233)|work=En.tutiempo.net|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509230946/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/05-2012/ws-33233.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Although historically, the earliest snowfall occurred on 10 September 1908<ref>{{Cite web|title=Monthly Weather Report of the Official Meteorological Office|url=https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_9229466c-0f5d-43b6-8783-19fbff1e8188/|access-date=10 June 2021|website=digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610055346/https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_9229466c-0f5d-43b6-8783-19fbff1e8188/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the latest on 2 June 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/06-1975/ws-33230.html|title=Climate LIVERPOOL AIRPORT (June 1975) – Climate data (33230)|last=S.L|first=Tutiempo Network|website=tutiempo.net|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510012631/https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/06-1975/ws-33230.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rainfall, although light, is quite a common occurrence in Liverpool, with the wettest month on record being August 1956, which recorded {{convert|221.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain and the driest being February 1932, with {{convert|0.9|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{Cite web|date=9 July 2011|title=Bidston Observatory recorded hours of rainfall (mm)|url=http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/monthlyrainfall.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709125732/http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/hist_met/monthlyrainfall.pdf|archive-date=9 July 2011|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> The driest year on record was 1991, with {{convert|480.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall and the wettest was 1872, with {{convert|1159.9|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_d643dae6-3dfe-4b58-bbf7-dc91d00bbfdf/|title=TYRain_1677-1859_A_pt1|access-date=25 September 2020|publisher=Met Office|archive-date=30 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530032555/https://digital.nmla.metoffice.gov.uk/IO_d643dae6-3dfe-4b58-bbf7-dc91d00bbfdf/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Liverpool weatherbox}}

=== Human ===
====Suburbs and districts====
{{See also|Category:Areas of Liverpool}}
Suburbs and districts of Liverpool include:
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
*[[Aigburth]]
*[[Allerton, Liverpool|Allerton]]
*[[Anfield (suburb)|Anfield]]
*[[Belle Vale, Liverpool|Belle Vale]]
*[[Broadgreen]]
*[[Canning, Liverpool|Canning]]
*[[Childwall]]
*[[Chinatown, Liverpool|Chinatown]]
*[[Liverpool City Centre|City Centre]]
*[[Clubmoor]]
*[[Croxteth]]
*[[Dingle, Liverpool|Dingle]]
*[[Dovecot, Liverpool|Dovecot]]
*[[Edge Hill, Liverpool|Edge Hill]]
*[[Everton, Liverpool|Everton]]
*[[Fairfield, Liverpool|Fairfield]]
*[[Fazakerley]]
*[[Garston, Liverpool|Garston]]
*[[Gateacre]]
*[[Gillmoss]]
*[[Grassendale]]
*[[Hunt's Cross]]
*[[Kensington, Liverpool|Kensington]]
*[[Kirkdale, Liverpool|Kirkdale]]
*[[Knotty Ash]]
*[[Mossley Hill]]
*[[Netherley, Liverpool|Netherley]]
*[[Norris Green]]
*[[Oglet]]
*[[Old Swan]]
*[[Orrell Park]]
*[[St Michael's Hamlet]]
*[[Speke]]
*[[Stoneycroft]]
*[[Toxteth]]
*[[Tuebrook]]
*[[Vauxhall, Liverpool|Vauxhall]]
*[[Walton, Liverpool|Walton]]
*[[Wavertree]]
*[[West Derby]]
*[[Woolton]]
{{colend}}

====Green Liverpool====
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable col1left" id="toc" style="float:right; margin-left:2em; text-align:right;" 
|+UK [[Core Cities Group|core cities]] – Population and population density (Number of usual residents per km<sup>2</sup>) (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population density|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS006/editions/2021/versions/4|access-date=10 September 2023|website=ons.gov.uk|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184740/https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS006/editions/2021/versions/4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwales/census2021|access-date=10 September 2023|website=ons.gov.uk|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606233746/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwales/census2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Census 2021 person and household estimates for Data Zones in Northern Ireland|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/census-2021-person-and-household-estimates-for-data-zones-in-northern-ireland|access-date=10 September 2023|website=nisra.gov.uk|date=31 January 2023|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918184748/https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/census-2021-person-and-household-estimates-for-data-zones-in-northern-ireland|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland|access-date=10 September 2023|website=ons.gov.uk|archive-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712065656/https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2016%2Fukmidyearestimates2016.xls|url-status=live}}</ref>
![[Core Cities Group|Core City]]||Population||Population<br>density
|-
|[[Birmingham]]||1,144,900||4275.4	
|-
|[[Leeds]]||812,000||1471.7	
|-
|[[Glasgow]]||635,130||3637.0
|-
|[[Sheffield]]||556,500||1512.5
|-
|[[Manchester]]||552,000||4772.7
|-
|'''Liverpool'''||'''486,100'''||'''4346.1'''
|-
|[[Bristol]]||472,400||4308.1
|-
|[[Cardiff]]||362,400||2571.3	
|-
|[[Belfast]]||345,418||2597.8 
|-
|[[Nottingham]]||323,700||4337.6
|-
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]||300,200||2646.1	
|-
|}
In 2010, Liverpool City Council and the Primary Care Trust commissioned the [[Mersey Forest]] to complete "A Green Infrastructure Strategy" for the city.<ref>Liverpool Green Infrastructure Strategy – ginw.co.uk/liverpool</ref>

====Green belt====
{{further|North West Green Belt}}
Liverpool is a core urban element of a [[Green belt (United Kingdom)|green belt]] region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, which is in place to reduce [[urban sprawl]], prevent the towns in the conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage [[brownfield]] reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Draft Liverpool Local Plan September 2016|url=http://liverpool.gov.uk/media/1355685/the-draft-liverpool-local-plan-september-2016-bc.pdf|website=liverpool.gov.uk|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515034427/https://liverpool.gov.uk/media/1355685/the-draft-liverpool-local-plan-september-2016-bc.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Due to being already highly built up, the city contains limited portions of protected green belt area within [[Greenfield land|greenfield]] throughout the borough at [[Fazakerley]], [[Croxteth Hall]] and country park and Craven Wood, Woodfields Park and nearby golf courses in [[Netherley, Liverpool|Netherley]], small greenfield tracts east of the [[Speke]] area by the St Ambrose primary school, and the small hamlet of [[Oglet]] and the surrounding area south of [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport|Liverpool Airport]].<ref name="belt2">{{cite web|title=Liverpool City Council – Draft Liverpool Local Plan – 12 Green Infrastructure|url=http://consult.liverpool.gov.uk/portal/draft_liverpool_local_plan?pointId=s1429871636491#section-s1429871636491|website=consult.liverpool.gov.uk}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The green belt was first drawn up in 1983 under Merseyside County Council<ref>{{cite web|title=Knowsley and Sefton Green Belt Study Nov 2012|url=http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/eb08_knowsleyandseftongreenbeltstudy.pdf|website=knowsley.gov.uk|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308001240/http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/eb08_knowsleyandseftongreenbeltstudy.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the size in the city amounts to {{convert|530|ha|km2+sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Green belt statistics – GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-belt-statistics|website=gov.uk|date=16 September 2022|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=3 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133634/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-belt-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref>