Editing List of popes (section)

==== 12th century ====
{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 12th century}}
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| style="text-align:center;"| —
| January 1101 –<br> February 1102<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1101|01|01|1102|02|01}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Adalbert|Adalbert]]''<br>{{small|'''''ADALBERTVS'''''}}
| Adalberto, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. Was of [[Lombards|Lombard]] ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]]. Captured and imprisoned.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 8 November 1105 –<br>11 April 1111<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1105|11|08|1111|04|11}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Sylvester IV|Sylvester IV]]''<br>{{small|'''''SILVESTER''' Quartus''}}
| Maguinulf
| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 49 / 55 (†56)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Paschal II|Paschal II]]. Forced to abdicate.
{{pope list item
| 161
| [[1118 papal election|24 January 1118]] –<br>29 January 1119<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|01|24|1119|01|29}})}}
| [[File:Gelasius-II.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]]'''<br>{{small|'''GELASIVS''' Secundus}}
| Giovanni [[Caetani]], [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| c. 1061 [[Gaeta]], [[Duchy of Gaeta]]
| 57 / 58
| Subject of the [[Duchy of Gaeta]]. Member of the [[Order of Saint Benedict]].
}}
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 10 March 1118 –<br>20 April 1121<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|03|10|1121|04|20}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]]''<br>{{small|'''''GREGORIVS''' Octavus''}}
| Maurice Baurdain
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 1060 [[Limousin (province)|Limousin]], [[Occitania]], Kingdom of France
| style="font-size:85%"| 58 / 61 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the [[Kingdom of France]]. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to [[Pope Gelasius II|Gelasius II]] and [[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]]. Captured and imprisoned.
{{pope list item
| 162
| [[1119 papal election|2 February 1119]] –<br>13 December 1124<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1119|02|02|1124|12|13}})}}
| [[File:Calixtus II.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]]'''<br>{{small|'''CALLISTVS''' Secundus}}
| Gui de Bourgogne
| c. 1060 [[Quingey]], [[County of Burgundy]]
| 59 / 64
| Subject of the [[County of Burgundy]]. Was of [[French people|French]] ethnicity. Convened the [[First Council of the Lateran]] (1123).
}}
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| [[1124 papal election|16 December 1124]] –<br>17 December 1124<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|16|1124|12|17}})}}
| 
| ''[[Teobaldo Boccapecci|Celestine II]]''<br>{{small|'''''COELESTINVS''' Secundus''}}
| Teobaldo Boccapeci
| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 74 / 74 (†76)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Honorius II|Honorius II]]. Abdicated one day after his election.
{{pope list item
| 163
| [[1124 papal election|21 December 1124]] –<br>13 February 1130<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|21|1130|02|13}})}}
| 
| '''[[Pope Honorius II|Honorius II]]'''<br>{{small|'''HONORIVS''' Secundus}}
| Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, [[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| 9 February 1060 [[Casalfiumanese|Fiagnano]], Papal States
| 64 / 70
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. [[Canons Regular of the Lateran|Canon Regular of the Lateran]]. Approved the [[Knights Templar]] as a military order (1128).
}}
{{pope list item
| 164
| [[1130 papal election|14 February 1130]] –<br>24 September 1143<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|02|14|1143|09|24}})}}
| [[File:Pope Innocent II – Santa Maria in Trastevere.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]]'''<br>{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Secundus}}
| Gregorio Papareschi, [[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1082 Rome, Papal States
| 48 / 61
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. [[Canons Regular of the Lateran|Canon Regular of the Lateran]]. Convened the [[Second Council of the Lateran]] (1139).
}}
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| style="text-align:center;"| —
| [[1130 papal election|14 February 1130]] –<br>25 January 1138<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|02|14|1138|01|25}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Anacletus II|Anacletus II]]''<br>{{small|'''''ANACLETVS''' Secundus''}}
| Pietro [[Pierleoni]], [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 40 / 48
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]].
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 15 March 1138 –<br>29 May 1138<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1138|03|15|1138|05|29}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Victor IV (1138)|Victor IV]]''<br>{{small|'''''VICTOR''' Quartus''}}
| Gregorio [[Conti]]
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]].
{{pope list item
| 165
| [[1143 papal election|26 September 1143]] –<br>8 March 1144<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1143|09|26|1144|03|08}})}}
| [[File:Pope Celestine, St William and an unidentified Prelate, East Window, York Minster.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Celestine II|Celestine II]]'''<br>{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Secundus}}
| Guido Guelfuccio di Castello
| c. 1085 [[Città di Castello]], Papal States
| 58 / 59
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 166
| [[1144 papal election|12 March 1144]] –<br>15 February 1145<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1144|03|12|1145|02|15}})}}
| 
| '''[[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]]'''<br>{{small|'''LUCIVS''' Secundus}}
| Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, [[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1079 [[Bologna]], Papal States
| 65 / 66
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Canon Regular of [[Basilica of San Frediano|San Frediano]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 167
| [[1145 papal election|15 February 1145]] –<br>8 July 1153<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1145|02|15|1153|07|08}})}}
| [[File:Consécration par EUgène III (Cropped).jpg|80px]]
| Bl. '''[[Pope Eugene III|Eugene III]]'''<br>{{small|'''EVGENIVS''' Tertius}}
| Bernardo Pignatelli, [[Cistercians|O.Cist.]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05599a.htm| title = Pope Blessed Eugene III, New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia| access-date = 19 April 2025| archive-date = 5 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121005142252/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05599a.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>
| c. 1080 [[Pisa]], [[Republic of Pisa]]
| 65 / 73
| Citizen of the [[Republic of Pisa]]. Member of the [[Cistercians|Order of Cistercians]]. Announced the [[Second Crusade]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 168
| [[1153 papal election|12 July 1153]] –<br>3 December 1154<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1153|07|12|1154|12|03}})}}
| 
| '''[[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastasius IV]]'''<br>{{small|'''ANASTASIVS''' Quartus}}
| Corrado Demetri della Suburra
| c. 1073 Rome, Papal States
| 80 / 81
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 169
| [[1154 papal election|4 December 1154]] –<br>1 September 1159<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1154|12|04|1159|09|01}})}}
| [[File:Adrian IV, servus servorum dei (cropped).png|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]]'''<br>{{small|'''HADRIANVS''' Quartus}}
| Nicholas [[Breakspeare|Breakspear]], [[Canons Regular|Can.Reg.]]
| c. 1100 [[Abbots Langley]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Kingdom of England]]
| 54 / 59
| Subject of the [[Kingdom of England]]. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to King [[Henry II of England]]. [[Order of Saint-Ruf|Canon Regular of Saint-Ruf monastery]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 170
| [[1159 papal election|7 September 1159]] –<br>30 August 1181<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|09|07|1181|08|30}})}}
| [[File:Becket bids farewell to the Pope - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 1v - BL Loan MS 88 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]]'''<br>{{small|'''ALEXANDER''' Tertius}}
| Rolando Bandinelli
| c. 1100 [[Siena]], March of Tuscany
| 59 / 81
| Subject of the [[March of Tuscany]]. Convened the [[Third Council of the Lateran]] (1179).
}}
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| [[1159 papal election|7 September 1159]] –<br>20 April 1164<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|09|07|1164|04|20}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]]''<br>{{small|'''''VICTOR''' Quartus''}}
| Ottaviano dei [[Crescentii|Crescenzi]] Ottaviani di Monticelli
| style="font-size:85%"| 1095 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 64 / 69
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 28 April 1164 –<br>22 September 1168<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1164|04|28|1168|09|22}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]]''<br>{{small|'''''PASCHALIS''' Tertius''}}
| Guido di Crema
| style="font-size:85%"| 1110 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 58
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 30 September 1168 –<br>29 August 1178<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1168|09|30|1178|08|29}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]]''<br>{{small|'''''CALLIXTVS''' Tertius''}}
| Giovanni di Struma, [[Order of Saint Benedict|O.S.B.]]
| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 78 / 88
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]].
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 29 September 1179 –<br> January 1180<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1179|09|29|1180|01|31}})}}
| 
| ''[[Antipope Innocent III|Innocent III]]''<br>{{small|'''''INNOCENTIVS''' Tertius''}}
| Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze
| style="font-size:85%"| 1120 [[Sezze]], Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 59 / 60 (†63)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the [[Papal States]]. In opposition to [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]]. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
{{pope list item
| 171
| [[1181 papal election|1 September 1181]] –<br>25 November 1185<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1181|09|01|1185|11|25}})}}
| [[File:Lucius-III.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]]'''<br>{{small|'''LUCIVS''' Tertius}}
| Ubaldo Allucignoli
| c. 1100 [[Lucca]], March of Tuscany
| 81 / 85
| Subject of the [[March of Tuscany]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 172
| [[1185 papal election|25 November 1185]] –<br>20 October 1187<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1185|11|25|1187|10|20}})}}
| [[File:Urban2 lat.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Urban III|Urban III]]'''<br>{{small|'''VRBANVS''' Tertius}}
| Uberto Crivelli
| c. 1120 [[Cuggiono]], small town closer to the [[Medieval communes|Free Commune of Milan]]
| 65 / 67
| Was of [[Italians|Italian]] ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and ''comune'' in the [[Metropolitan City of Milan]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 173
| [[October 1187 papal election|21 October 1187]] –<br>17 December 1187<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|10|21|1187|12|17}})}}
| 
| '''[[Pope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]]'''<br>{{small|'''GREGORIVS''' Octavus}}
| Alberto di Morra, [[Premonstratensians|O.Praem.]]
| c. 1100 [[Benevento]], Papal States
| 87 / 87
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. [[Premonstratensians|Canon Regular Premonstratense]]. Proposed the [[Third Crusade]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 174
| [[December 1187 papal election|19 December 1187]] –<br>20 March 1191<ref name="CC">For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: ''Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III.'' Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211</ref><br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|12|19|1191|03|20}})}}
| [[File:SpeculumGrandmontis (Pope Clement III).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Clement III|Clement III]]'''<br>{{small|'''CLEMENS''' Tertius}}
| Paolo Scolari
| c. 1130 Rome, Papal States
| 57 / 61
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]].
}}
{{pope list item
| 175<br>[[File:C o a Nicolaus III.svg|40px]]
| [[1191 papal election|30 March 1191]] –<br>8 January 1198<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1191|03|30|1198|01|08}})}}
| [[File:Coelestin III (cropped 2).png|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]]'''<br>{{small|'''COELESTINVS''' Tertius}}
| Giacinto Bobone [[Orsini family|Orsini]]
| c. 1105 Rome, Papal States
| 86 / 93
| Motto: {{lang|la|Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis}} {{small|("Going in Thy path")}}
Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Confirmed the statutes of the [[Teutonic Knights]] as a military order.
}}
{{pope list item
| 176<br>[[File:C o a popes Conti di Segni.svg|40px]]
| [[1198 papal election|8 January 1198]] –<br>16 July 1216<br>{{small|({{Age in years and days|1198|01|08|1216|07|16}})}}
| [[File:Pope Innocent III (Monastery of Subiaco).jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]]'''<br>{{small|'''INNOCENTIVS''' Tertius}}
| Lotario dei [[Counts of Segni|Conti di Segni]]
| c. 1161 [[Gavignano]], Papal States
| 37 / 55
| Subject and later the sovereign of the [[Papal States]]. Convened the [[Fourth Council of the Lateran]] (1215). Initiated the [[Fourth Crusade]] but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when its leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of the [[Holy Land]] and instead decided to sack Christian cities.<ref>Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East", History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948.</ref> Endorsed the [[Franciscan Order]].
}}
{{pope list end}}