Editing Landslide (section)

=== [[Remote sensing]] techniques ===

* [[Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar|InSAR]] (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar): This remote sensing technique measures ground displacement over time with high precision. It is ideal for large-scale monitoring.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tomás |first1=Roberto |last2=Zeng |first2=Qiming |last3=Lopez-Sanchez |first3=Juan M. |last4=Zhao |first4=Chaoying |last5=Li |first5=Zhenhong |last6=Liu |first6=Xiaojie |last7=Navarro-Hernández |first7=María I. |last8=Hu |first8=Liuru |last9=Luo |first9=Jiayin |last10=Díaz |first10=Esteban |last11=Szeibert |first11=William T. |last12=Pastor |first12=José Luis |last13=Riquelme |first13=Adrián |last14=Yu |first14=Chen |last15=Cano |first15=Miguel |title=Advances on the investigation of landslides by space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry |journal=Geo-Spatial Information Science |date=2024-05-03 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=602–623 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10095020.2023.2266224 |doi=10.1080/10095020.2023.2266224 |bibcode=2024GSIS...27..602T |issn=1009-5020|hdl=10045/138430 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Casagli |first1=N. |last2=Cigna |first2=F. |last3=Bianchini |first3=S. |last4=Hölbling |first4=D. |last5=Füreder |first5=P. |last6=Righini |first6=G. |last7=Del Conte |first7=S. |last8=Friedl |first8=B. |last9=Schneiderbauer |first9=S. |last10=Iasio |first10=C. |last11=Vlcko |first11=J. |last12=Greif |first12=V. |last13=Proske |first13=H. |last14=Granica |first14=K. |last15=Falco |first15=S. |date=2016-10-01 |title=Landslide mapping and monitoring by using radar and optical remote sensing: Examples from the EC-FP7 project SAFER |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352938516300635 |journal=Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |volume=4 |pages=92–108 |doi=10.1016/j.rsase.2016.07.001 |bibcode=2016RSASE...4...92C |issn=2352-9385|hdl=2158/1045254 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Lidar|LiDAR]] (Light Detection and Ranging): Provides detailed 3D models of terrain to detect changes over time by comparison of different point clouds acquired over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tomás |first1=R. |last2=Abellán |first2=A. |last3=Cano |first3=M. |last4=Riquelme |first4=A. |last5=Tenza-Abril |first5=A. J. |last6=Baeza-Brotons |first6=F. |last7=Saval |first7=J. M. |last8=Jaboyedoff |first8=M. |date=2018-02-01 |title=A multidisciplinary approach for the investigation of a rock spreading on an urban slope |journal=Landslides |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=199–217 |doi=10.1007/s10346-017-0865-0 |bibcode=2018Lands..15..199T |issn=1612-5118|doi-access=free |hdl=10045/73318 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jaboyedoff |first1=Michel |last2=Oppikofer |first2=Thierry |last3=Abellán |first3=Antonio |last4=Derron |first4=Marc-Henri |last5=Loye |first5=Alex |last6=Metzger |first6=Richard |last7=Pedrazzini |first7=Andrea |date=March 2012 |title=Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: a review |journal=Natural Hazards |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=5–28 |doi=10.1007/s11069-010-9634-2 |bibcode=2012NatHa..61....5J |issn=0921-030X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* Optical satellite imagery: Useful for identifying surface changes, geomorphological features (e.g. cracks and scarps) and mapping landslide-prone areas.<ref name=":7" />
* [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]] (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles): This technique captures high-resolution images and topographic data in inaccessible areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Jianwei |last2=Yuan |first2=Guoqin |last3=Song |first3=Laiyun |last4=Zhang |first4=Hongwen |date=January 2024 |title=Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Landslide Investigation and Monitoring: A Review |journal=Drones |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=30 |doi=10.3390/drones8010030 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Drone...8...30S |issn=2504-446X}}</ref>
* Thermal imaging: Thermal images enable to detects temperature variations that may indicate water movement or stress in the slope.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cosentino |first1=Antonio |last2=Marmoni |first2=Gian Marco |last3=Fiorucci |first3=Matteo |last4=Mazzanti |first4=Paolo |last5=Scarascia Mugnozza |first5=Gabriele |last6=Esposito |first6=Carlo |date=January 2023 |title=Optical and Thermal Image Processing for Monitoring Rainfall Triggered Shallow Landslides: Insights from Analogue Laboratory Experiments |journal=Remote Sensing |language=en |volume=15 |issue=23 |pages=5577 |doi=10.3390/rs15235577 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023RemS...15.5577C |issn=2072-4292|hdl=11573/1707707 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>