Editing Lake-effect snow (section)

==== Istanbul and northern Turkey ====
{{See also|Climate of Istanbul#Precipitation}}
Because the southern Black Sea is relatively warm (around 13&nbsp;°C or 55&nbsp;°F at the beginning of winter, typically 10 to 6&nbsp;°C or 50 to 43&nbsp;°F by the end), sufficiently cold air aloft can create significant snowfalls in a relatively short period of time.<ref name=":11">{{cite journal |last=Kindap |first=Tayfin |date=19 January 2010 |title=A Severe Sea-Effect Snow Episode Over the City of Istanbul |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=703–23 |doi=10.1007/s11069-009-9496-7 |bibcode=2010NatHa..54..707K |issn=1573-0840 |s2cid=140188530}}</ref> Furthermore, cold air, when it arrives to the region, tends to move slowly, creating days and sometimes weeks of occasional lake-effect snowfall.<ref name=":11" /> 

The most populous city in the region, [[Istanbul]], is very prone to lake-effect snow and this weather phenomenon occurs almost every winter, despite winter averages of {{Convert|5|C|F}}, comparable to [[Paris]].<ref name="mgm20202">{{cite web |title=Resmi İstatistikler |url=https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ISTANBUL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223163236/https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=ISTANBUL |archive-date=23 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=mgm.gov.tr |publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü}}</ref> On multiple occasions, lake-effect snowfall events have lasted for more than a week, and official single-storm snow depth totals have exceeded {{convert|80|cm|ft in|sp=us}} downtown and {{convert|104|cm|ft in|sp=us}} around the city.<ref name="nytsnow">{{cite news |last1=Arango |first1=Tim |date=11 January 2017 |title=Snow Acts as a Magical Balm in an Anxious Turkey (Published 2017) |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/11/world/snow-in-istanbul.html |access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="mgm20202" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last1=Tayanç |first1=Mete |last2=Karaca |first2=Mehmet |last3=Dalfes |first3=H. Nüzhet |year=1998 |title=March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=126 |issue=11 |page=3036 |bibcode=1998MWRv..126.3036T |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free|hdl=11424/245760 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Earlier, unofficial measurements are often higher, due to the relative dearth of sufficiently old weather stations in the region; some sources claim up to {{convert|4|m|ft in|sp=us}} of snowfall during the blizzard of March 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1987 İstanbul kışında neler yaşandı? Tarihe geçen kar fırtınasından çarpıcı fotoğraflar |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/galeri/1987-istanbul-kisinda-neler-yasandi-tarihe-gecen-kar-firtinasindan-carpici-fotograflar-1913825 |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=www.cumhuriyet.com.tr |language=tr}}</ref> 

Meanwhile, snowfall in mountainous provinces in this region is amplified by [[orographic effect]], often resulting in snowfall of several meters, especially at higher elevations.