Editing Lagos (section)

== Economy ==
The city of Lagos is a major economic focal point in Nigeria, generating around 30-35% of the country's GDP. Most commercial and financial businesses are carried out in the [[Central business districts|central business district]] situated on the island. This is also where most of the country's commercial banks, financial institutions, and major corporations are headquartered. Lagos is also the major information communications and telecommunications (ICT) hub of West Africa.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-Gj-fyEHqMC&pg=PA66|page=66|title=Knowledge, Technology, and Cluster-based Growth in Africa (WBI development studies)|author=Douglas Zhihua Zeng|publisher=World Bank Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8213-7307-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ICT Development: Nigeria Seeks Increased Regional Collaboration among West African States |url=https://www.ncc.gov.ng/media-centre/news-headlines/965-ict-development-nigeria-seeks-increased-regional-collaboration-among-west-african-states |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=ncc.gov.ng |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707012518/https://www.ncc.gov.ng/media-centre/news-headlines/965-ict-development-nigeria-seeks-increased-regional-collaboration-among-west-african-states |url-status=live }}</ref> Lagos is developing a [[24/7 service|24-hour economy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/08/27/ambode-security-and-lagos-quest-for-247-economy/|title=Ambode, Security And Lagos Quest For 24/7 Economy|date=27 August 2015|access-date=1 October 2016|publisher=PM News|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127011554/https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/08/27/ambode-security-and-lagos-quest-for-247-economy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nightlife">{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/04/20/lagos.visit/index.html?iref=24hours|title=24 hours in Lagos: The city that never sleeps|first=Stephanie|last=Busari|date=1 April 2009|publisher=CNN|access-date=1 October 2016|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409140437/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/04/20/lagos.visit/index.html?iref=24hours|url-status=live}}</ref>

The globalisation of Lagos' economy is rated "beta minus" by the GaWC.<ref>[[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]]</ref> This is equivalent to [[Manchester]] or [[Edinburgh]] in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. Lagos is thus the most "globalised" city in West and Central Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |archive-date=24 August 2020 |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=GaWC – Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities}}</ref> 5 out of 7 African tech "[[Unicorn (finance)|unicorns]]" operate out of Lagos (see below).<ref name=":1" /> Lagos is home to more tech centres than any other city in Africa.<ref name=":0" /> 

Yves Bellinghausen from the German magazine [[Die Zeit|ZEIT]] summarises: 'Lagos is Africa's Hollywood, Manhattan, and Silicon Valley all rolled into one.'<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bellinghausen |first=Yves |title=Lagos: Volle Dröhnung Stadt (Lagos: Full blast of a city) |journal=Die Zeit |language=de |publication-place=Hamburg, Germany |publication-date=2024-01-14 |issn=0044-2070}}</ref>

=== Financial institutions ===
[[File:An array of iconic buildings in Lagos Nigeria starting with United Bank of Africa.jpg|thumb|Financial district of Lagos]]
Lagos is a major financial and banking centre. The four largest banks in West and Central Africa are headquartered in Lagos,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Neil |date=28 September 2022 |title=West Africa's Top Banks in 2022 |url=https://african.business/2022/09/finance-services/west-africas-top-banks |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=African Business |language=en-GB}}</ref> and another nine banks in Lagos are among the 20 largest banks in the region. [[Zenith Bank]], [[Access Bank plc|Access Bank]], [[Guaranty Trust Holding Company PLC|Guaranty Trust Bank]] and [[First Bank of Nigeria|First Bank]] have capital of more than US$2 billion each.<ref name=":5" /> Banking headquarters are located on Victoria Island and Lagos Island.

The insurance industry in Nigeria is comparatively and modestly developed, with an industry turnover of around US$1 billion per year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Insurance companies in Nigeria: ranking 2022 |url=https://www.atlas-mag.net/en/article/top-5-nigerian-insurers-according-to-turnover-in-2019 |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=atlas-mag.net |language=en}}</ref> As with the banks, the headquarters of the insurance companies are predominantly located in Lagos.

=== Ports ===
{{Main|Apapa Port Complex|Tin Can Island Port|Lekki Port}}
The Port of Lagos, formally known as the Lagos-Elbert Mathews Memorial Port, is Nigeria's leading [[port]] and one of the largest and busiest Ports in Africa. Due to the large urban population, Lagos is categorized as a medium-port megacity using the Southampton System for port-city classification.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785|title=The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification|year=2021|last1=Roberts|first1=Toby|last2=Williams|first2=Ian|last3=Preston|first3=John|journal=Maritime Policy & Management|volume=48|issue=4|pages=530–542|s2cid=225502755|doi-access=free}}</ref> It is administered by the [[Nigerian Ports Authority]]. [[File:Free-Trade-Zone-Lekki-English2.jpg|thumb|Lagos, its ports, airports, free trade zone and light rail system]]The ''Port of Lagos / Apapa'' is the oldest and largest port in the country, both in terms of land area and cargo volume handled. More than half of Nigeria's maritime trade is handled here, and the port also acts as a transhipment point for landlocked countries such as Chad and Niger. Around 1,000 ships with 5,700,000 tonnes of cargo call at the Lagos port complex annually.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Shilavadra |date=30 May 2022 |title=6 Major Ports in Nigeria |url=https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/ports-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Marine Insight |language=en-US}}</ref>

''Tin Can Island Port'' is located west of Apapa near the Lagos Port Complex. It was established in 1975.

In early 2023, the [[Lekki Port|''deep sea port of Lekki'']] was commissioned 50&nbsp;km east of Lagos. This thus does not belong to the urban area of Lagos but to the [[Lagos State|state of the same name]].

=== Entertainment industry and media ===

==== Nollywood ====
{{Main|Cinema of Nigeria}}
[[File:Clapper Lady.jpg|thumb|Filming set in Lagos]]
Lagos is the centre of the West African film, music, and TV industries. The film industry in the Surulere locality ranks second or third in the world, ahead of or behind Hollywood, depending on the survey.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/nigeria-africa-biggest-economy-nollywood | title=Hello Nollywood: how Nigeria became Africa's biggest economy overnight | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | date=10 April 2014 | access-date=12 April 2014 | author=Liston, Enjoli | archive-date=12 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412020045/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/nigeria-africa-biggest-economy-nollywood | url-status=live }}</ref> PricewaterhouseCoopers Int. forecasts that the Nigerian entertainment industry will grow 85% to $15 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/126644/nigeria-media-players-are-creative-and-cash-rich/|title=Nigeria: Media and Entertainment to hit $15bn by 2025|website=Theafricareport.com|date=October 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527133119/https://www.theafricareport.com/126644/nigeria-media-players-are-creative-and-cash-rich/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since the success of the Nigerian thriller "The Figurine", Nigerian film has increasingly turned to high-quality productions that are also commercially successful. This, in turn, has led to consistently new box office revenue records in Nigeria (2009's "The Figurine", 2013's "Half of a Yellow Sun", 2016's "The Wedding Party", 2023's "Battle on Buka Street").<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/toronto-nigerians-disagree-over-new-nollywood/ | title=Toronto: Nigerians disagree over new Nollywood | work=The Nation Newspaper | date=14 September 2014 | access-date=24 March 2015 | author=Akande, Victor | archive-date=22 September 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922123311/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/toronto-nigerians-disagree-over-new-nollywood/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Newspapers ====
In Nigeria, newspapers are available in digital format and are predominantly produced in Lagos. The most widely read newspaper in Lagos, by its own account, is [[The Punch|Punch]]. The [[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] newspaper is one of the few dailies that is not only available online but also in print. Other publications include [[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]], [[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]], [[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] and the [[Nigerian Tribune]]. The latter was founded in colonial times, in 1949.

==== Television ====
The most watched television station in Lagos (and in Nigeria) is the 24-hour news channel [[Channels TV]], based in Lagos. Some of its presenters use an overly correct standard of British English that compatriots like to mock. The same can be said of [[Arise News|Arise TV]] and the state broadcaster [[Nigerian Television Authority|NTA]]. The private [[Africa Independent Television|African Independent Television]] focuses on entertainment and infotainment. Programmes in [[pidgin English]] or in [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] have moved to digital streaming services and offer [[action film]]s, [[Comedy|comedies]] and [[Romance film|heartbreak productions]].

=== "Africa's Silicon Valley" ===
[[File:Kamdi Uko - Andela Lagos.jpg|thumb|IT trainer and recruiter Andela, Lagos]]
Seven tech start-ups in Africa are said to have "[[Unicorn (finance)|unicorn]]" status (worth over 1 billion euros). Five of them are based in Lagos:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Eleanya |first=Frank |date=9 February 2023 |title=Nigerian government targets three new tech unicorns in 2023 – |url=https://businessday.ng/technology/article/nigerian-government-targets-three-new-tech-unicorns-in-2023/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Flutterwave]]'' is in the virtual bank card business. ''Opay'' and ''[[Interswitch]]'' are platforms for online bookings. ''[[Andela]]'' trains software engineers and places them in the Nigerian labour market. ''[[Jumia]]'' is an online retail company that offers a wide range of products such as electronic devices and fashion.

Lagos is home to more tech hubs than any other city in Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=8 December 2019 |title=Africa's Top 10 Digital Hubs |url=https://africancube.com/africas-top-10-digital-hubs/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Africancube |language=en-US}}</ref> With more than 90 million internet users, Lagos is attracting investors who want to capitalise on this expanding technology hotspot.<ref name=":0" /> Startupgrind.com refers to Lagos as "Africa's Silicon Valley".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Lagos (in Nigeria) is Africa's Silicon Valley |url=https://www.startupgrind.com/blog/why-lagos-in-nigeria-is-africas-silicon-valley/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Startup Grind |language=en}}</ref> [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] highlights "Nigeria's Chaotic Rise as the Tech Heart of Africa" and means ''Lagos'', specifically the [[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]] district.<ref>{{Citation |title=Nigeria's Chaotic Rise as the Tech Heart of Africa {{!}} Hello World with Ashlee Vance | date=9 November 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EL4ZKLvulIU |access-date=3 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Falomo view from the bridgeto MTN PLaza.jpg|thumb|MTN in Lagos]]Lagos is the only African city to have both a Google and a Microsoft office. [[MTN Group|''MTN'']] maintains the first and still predominant 4G network in Nigeria. [[Airtel Africa|Airtel]] is another 4G provider. 9Mobile and Dataflex are Internet providers. [[Paystack]] is used by Nigerians who regularly receive payments from abroad. [[ULesson]] maintains a platform on which secondary school learning content is presented. Hotels.ng allows hotel bookings to be made throughout Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Computer Software Solution in Lagos, Nigeria – List of Computer Software Solution Companies Nigeria |url=https://www.businesslist.com.ng/category/computer-software/city:lagos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505101644/https://www.businesslist.com.ng/category/computer-software/city:lagos |archive-date=5 May 2022 |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=Businesslist.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=Top 10 Software Companies in Lagos |url=https://mitrobe.com/top-10-software-companies-in-lagos/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406223814/https://mitrobe.com/top-10-software-companies-in-lagos/ |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=Mitrobe.com}}</ref>

=== Oil refinery ===
{{Main|Dangote Refinery}}

For decades, there was no oil processing industry in Nigeria, apart from illegal refineries in the Niger Delta (which are very polluting due to the lack of [[Cracking (chemistry)|cracking]]). Nigeria therefore had to have the end products of domestic crude oil such as [[fuel]]s, [[bitumen]], [[Paraffin (fuel)|paraffin]], [[motor oil]], [[polypropylene]] etc. produced in US or European refineries, with transport costs over thousands of nautical miles and margins for middlemen. The oil refinery in Lekki went into operation in December 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=AriseNews |date=28 December 2023 |title=Dangote Refinery Receives Third Crude Shipment Of 1 Million Barrels, To Start Diesel and Aviation Fuel Production Mid-January 2024 |url=https://www.arise.tv/dangote-refinery-22receives-third-crude-shipment-of-1-million-barrels-to-start-diesel-and-aviation-fuel-production-mid-january-2024/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref> and is expected to process 650,000 barrels of oil per day when fully operational, making it the seventh largest oil refinery in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=oilandgasclub |url=https://www.oilandgasclub.com/worlds-largest-refineries |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=oilandgasclub.com}}</ref> By comparison, the largest refinery in the United Kingdom in [[Fawley Refinery|Fawley]] processes 270,000 barrels a day, while the biggest US refinery in Port Arthur, Texas, processes 607,000 barrels a day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villanueva |first=Laurie |date=4 January 2022 |title=4 of Nation's 10 Largest Oil Refineries Located Along Texas Gulf Coast |url=https://www.zehllaw.com/4-of-10-largest-us-oil-chemical-refineries-located-in-houston-beaumont-port-arthur/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Zehl & Associates |language=en-US}}</ref> 57,000 people have been hired.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adenuga |first=Adepeju |date=6 September 2021 |title=Dangote refinery to increase workforce to 57,000 |url=https://punchng.com/dangote-refinery-to-increase-workforce-to-57000/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Fertiliser plant ===
Since 2022, a new fertiliser production plant has been producing 3 million tonnes of fertiliser a year (roughly equivalent to Germany's fertiliser consumption).<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Sanni |first=Seun |date=22 March 2022 |title=Nigerian billionaire Dangote launches $2.5 billion fertilizer plant as prices soar |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerian-billionaire-dangote-launches-25-bln-fertilizer-plant-prices-soar-2022-03-22/ |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref> With no more Russian fertiliser coming onto the world market in 2022 due to this country's [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]], Nigeria is stepping into a gap in the market. "The fertiliser market is a seller's market," company owner [[Aliko Dangote|Dangote]] raves. "People are begging for us to sell and we are choosy about who we sell to."<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbachu |first=Dulue |date=5 May 2022 |title=Dangote's timely fertiliser plant pays off as prices soar |url=https://african.business/2022/05/energy-resources/dangotes-timely-fertiliser-plant-pays-off-as-prices-soar |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=African Business |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Pharmaceutical industry ===
[[File:Pharmacy ikeja lagos.jpg|thumb|Pharmacy in [[Ikeja]]]]
Nigeria hosts about 60 percent of the pharmaceutical production capacity in Africa (status 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Onyesi |first=Chika |date=6 October 2021 |title='Nigeria's pharmaceutical sector dwindling despite 60 percent production capacity' |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605182803/https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity/ |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> The larger pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria are located in the North of Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yahaya |first=Abdulwali |date=19 September 2019 |title=Top 10 Best Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria & Their Products |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517172640/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd'' appears to be the pharmaceutical producer with the most employees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited |url=https://www.emzorpharma.com/about-emzor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801201737/https://www.emzorpharma.com/about-emzor/ |archive-date=1 August 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Emzor |language=en-GB}}</ref> Next in line are ''Fidson Healthcare Plc'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fidson |title=Our Company |url=https://fidson.com/our-company/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626014922/https://fidson.com/our-company/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> ''May & Baker Nig. Plc''<ref>{{Cite web |title=May and Baker Plc. – Supporting your Health for Life |url=https://may-baker.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625163357/https://may-baker.com/ |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''Swiss Pharma Nigeria''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to swiss pharma Nigeria limited |url=https://www.swiphanigeria.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704022536/https://swiphanigeria.com/ |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=swiphanigeria.com}}</ref>

=== Automotive industry ===
{{Main|Automotive industry in Nigeria}}

[[Nord Automobile Limited]] has two assembly plants in Lagos: in Sangotedo and in Epe. The company manufactures its own plastic parts and plans to take on steel pressing in the future. The company offers eight different models.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Jeanette |date=7 March 2021 |title=How this entrepreneur started a Nigerian car brand |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/how-this-entrepreneur-started-a-nigerian-car-brand/99391/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> However, company founder and CEO Oluwatobi Ajayi is struggling with insufficient demand and the increase in the price of imported components due to the devaluation of the local currency, the naira, in 2023. He is looking for solutions with a German partner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Precious |first=Amaefule |date=16 June 2023 |title=Nigerian Automobile Industry: " We Produce Fewer Cars in Nigeria Because Demand Isn't Encouraging," Nord CEO Reveals |url=https://www.carmart.ng/blog/nigerian-automobile-industry-we-produce-fewer-cars-in-nigeria-because-demand-isnt-encouraging-nord-ceo-reveals/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=Car blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Lekki Free Trade Zone ===
[[File:Lekki free trade zone.jpg|thumb|Entrance of the Lekki Free Trade Zone]]
The [[Lekki Free Trade Zone]] is a free trade zone in the eastern part of Lekki, covering a total area of about 155 square kilometres. It has an area of 30 square kilometres and is to be developed into a multifunctional district: integrating industry, trade and commerce, real estate development, warehousing and logistics, tourism, and entertainment.

=== Trade fairs and exhibitions ===
Lagos has two major congress halls, the Eko Convention Center and the Landmark Centre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landmark Africa {{!}} Business.Leisure.Lifestyle |url=https://www.landmarkafrica.com/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=landmarkafrica.com}}</ref> The [https://www.ekohotels.com/eko-convention-center.php Eko Convention Center] has 5,151 m<sup>2</sup> and 13 meeting rooms. It hosts for example the Lagos Fashion Fair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos Fashion Fair Exhibition – International Ready-to-Wear Fashion Exhibition |url=https://lagosfashionfair.com/home/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Landmark Centre has 1,004 m<sup>2</sup> and 8 meeting rooms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landmark Centre |url=https://10times.com/venues/landmark-events-centre |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=10times |language=en}}</ref> The Landmark Centre hosts annual meetings like "Medic/Medlab West Africa", "Beauty West Africa" or "agro-food".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trade Fairs in Lagos (2023 -2024), Exhibitions, Expos, Trade Shows, Events in Lagos |url=https://www.tradeindia.com/tradeshows/city/lagos/201791/#:~:text=9%20Trade%20Fairs%20in%20Lagos |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=TradeIndia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630175140/https://www.tradeindia.com/tradeshows/city/lagos/201791/#:~:text=9%20Trade%20Fairs%20in%20Lagos |archive-date= 30 June 2023 }}</ref>

The ''Lagos Leather Fair'' is the largest leather fair in West Africa. Nigeria is the sixth largest leather exporter in the world, with brands such as Prada, Gucci and Louis Vuitton sourcing their goods here. Fashion journalist Waridi Schrobsdorff even puts 'Milan, Paris, Lagos' on the same level on news channel [[N-tv]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=NACHRICHTEN |first=n-tv |title=Die Zukunft kommt aus Afrika |url=https://www.n-tv.de/panorama/Eine-Leder-Messe-in-Lagos-Nigeria-Waridi-Schrobsdorff-hat-sich-fuer-ntv-de-vor-Ort-umgeschaut-und-die-Zukunft-gesehen-article25155650.html |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=n-tv.de |language=de}}</ref>

=== Food processing and distribution ===
Nigeria's largest ''brewery'', fancily named Nigerian Breweries and a Heineken subsidiary, is located in the Lagos-Surulere district. The Guinness brewery produces its famous strong beer in the Ikeja district. Apparently, the average Nigerian drinks larger quantities of this beverage than the average Irishman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Which African Nation Consumes more Guinness than Ireland?  |url=https://livingireland.com/which-african-nation-consumes-more-guinness-than-ireland/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=livingireland.com |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723140359/https://livingireland.com/which-african-nation-consumes-more-guinness-than-ireland/ |archive-date= 23 July 2023 }}</ref> Both breweries also produce non-alcoholic (Guinness also halal) malt beer, which is part of the "Lagos' way of life".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adoga |first=Stephen |date=6 March 2023 |title=Most Popular Malt Brands And Their Manufacturers In Nigeria |url=https://nyscinfo.com/most-popular-malt-brands-and-their-manufacturers-in-nigeria/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=Nyscinfo |language=en-US}}</ref>[[File:Ketu-Ereyun logistics park.png|thumb|Logistics hub, close to Epe]]
In Ketu-Ereyun, between [[Epe, Lagos State|Epe]] and [[Ikorodu]], Lagos State builds a ''"[[Food Logistics Park Lagos|Food Logistics Park]]"'' – the biggest logistics hub for food in Sub-Saharan Africa. The site is 1.2 million square meters big and the construction is expected to be finished in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=How Construction of Biggest Logistics Hub Will Affect Lagosians – |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2022/08/25/how-construction-of-biggest-logistics-hub-will-affect-lagosians/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos begins work at Africa's Largest Food and Logistics Hub |url=https://radionigerialagos.gov.ng/lagos-begins-work-at-africas-largest-food-and-logistics-hub/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Radio Nigeria Lagos |date=25 August 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Until now, Nigeria paradoxically exported unhusked rice but had to import husked rice, the country's staple food. – The [[Imota rice mill|''hulling mill in Imota'']], just outside Lagos, processes the rice domestically. When fully operational, the plant, the largest south of the Sahara, is expected to employ 250,000 people and produce 2.5 million 50-kg bags of rice annually.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Lagos today: Like Tinubu like Sanwo-Olu |url=https://www.thecable.ng/lagos-today-like-tinubu-like-sanwo-olu |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref>

The ''Apapa sugar refinery'',<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Dangote Sugar Refinery Plc (DSR) – AGE (African Growing Enterprises) File |url=https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/nigeria04.html |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=Institute of Developing Economies |language=en}}</ref> part of the Dangote Group, increased its turnover to 288.3 billion naira (€590 million) in the third quarter of 2022 – a 47% increase from the third quarter of 2021. The sugar refinery has a capacity of 1.44 million metric tonnes per annum and supplies end users as well as bulk buyers such as [[Nestle Nigeria|Nestlé Nigeria Plc]], [[Cadbury Nigeria Plc]], [[Seven-Up Bottling Company|Seven-Up Bottling Company Plc]] and the [[Nigerian Bottling Company]].<ref name=":8" />

Lagos State Governor [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] opened the new Ikosi International ''Fruits Market in the Ketu'' district on 25 May 2023.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Adesanya |first=Adedapo |date=26 May 2023 |title=Lagos Targets Economic Growth with New Ikosi-Ketu Markets |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/lagos-targets-economic-growth-with-new-ikosi-ketu-markets/ |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Business Post Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> The new fruit market comprises 1,004 shop units.<ref name=":3">{{Citation |title=The New Ikosi (Babajide Sanwoolu) International Model Market Phase 3 In Ikosi-Isheri LCDA, Lagos | date=26 June 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYGptLSQlpA |access-date=27 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> It has its own water and electricity supply, canteen and parking facilities. The facility is monitored by security personnel.<ref name=":3" /> On 18 December 2023, Sanwo-Olu opened a similar "Fresh Food Hub" in Idi-Oro, [[Mushin, Lagos|Mushin]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2023 |title=Sanwo-Olu Inaugurates Fresh Food Hub, To Mitigate 50% Produce Loss |work=News Agency of Nigeria |url=https://nannews.ng/2023/12/18/sanwo-olu-inaugurates-fresh-food-hub-to-mitigate-50-produce-loss/ |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=The New Ultra Model Fresh Food Market In Lagos {{!}}{{!}}The Newly Commissioned Middle-Level Food Agro Hub |publisher=Iamgbolahan |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCV2aJqUdhE |access-date=21 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Both hubs are aiming to increase the speed of food supply and reduce the percentage of food going to waste before it reaches the customer.

=== Timber, sawmill ===
The Lagos sawmill moved from its old but bursting-at-the-seams location in Oko Baba to [[Timberville (Lagos)|Timberville]], just outside Lagos, in 2022, where modern facilities are available.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}