Editing Kurds (section)

===Ottoman period===
{{further|Ottoman Kurds|Ottoman Empire|Sheikh Ubeydullah}}

When Sultan [[Selim I]], after defeating Shah [[Ismail I]] in [[Battle of Chaldiran|1514]], annexed [[Western Armenia]] and Kurdistan, he entrusted the organisation of the conquered territories to [[Idris Bitlisi|Idris]], the historian, who was a Kurd of [[Bitlis]]. He divided the territory into ''sanjaks'' or districts, and, making no attempt to interfere with the principle of heredity, installed the local chiefs as governors. He also resettled the rich pastoral country between [[Erzerum]] and [[Erivan]], which had lain in waste since the passage of [[Timur]], with Kurds from the [[Hakkari (historical region)|Hakkari]] and Bohtan districts. For the next centuries, from the [[Peace of Amasya]] until the first half of the 19th century, several regions of the wide Kurdish homelands would be contested as well between the Ottomans and the neighbouring rival successive [[Iran|Iranian dynasties]] (Safavids, [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharids]], [[Qajar dynasty|Qajars]]) in the frequent [[Ottoman-Persian Wars]].

The Ottoman centralist policies in the beginning of the 19th century aimed to remove power from the principalities and localities, which directly affected the Kurdish emirs. [[Bedirhan Bey]] was the last emir of the [[Cizre|Cizre Bohtan]] [[Emirate]] after initiating an uprising in 1847 against the Ottomans to protect the current structures of the Kurdish principalities. Although his uprising is not classified as a nationalist one, his children played significant roles in the emergence and the development of Kurdish nationalism through the next century.<ref>Ozoglu, Hakan. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. February 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5993-5}}. Pg 95.</ref>

The first modern Kurdish nationalist movement emerged in 1880 with an uprising led by a Kurdish landowner and head of the powerful Shemdinan family, [[Sheik Ubeydullah]], who demanded political autonomy or outright independence for Kurds as well as the recognition of a Kurdistan state without interference from Turkish or Persian authorities.<ref>Ozoglu, Hakan. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. February 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5993-5}}. Pg 75.</ref> The uprising against [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar Persia]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] was ultimately suppressed by the Ottomans and Ubeydullah, along with other notables, were exiled to Istanbul.