Editing Karnataka (section)

== Education ==
{{Main|Education in Karnataka}}
{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Karnataka}}
[[File:Sheeju iisc.jpg|thumb|right|alt=3-storey stone building with taller ivory tower |[[Indian Institute of Science]] is one of the premier institutes of India.]]
As per the 2011 census, Karnataka had a [[literacy rate]] of 75.60%, with 82.85% of males and 68.13% of females in the state being literate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/karnataka/PPT_Paper_1_2011_Karnataka_literacy_85_98.pdf |title=State of Literacy |website=Census of India - 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113233443/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/karnataka/PPT_Paper_1_2011_Karnataka_literacy_85_98.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2012 }}</ref>

The [[Indian Institute of Science]] and [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education]] were ranked within the top 10 universities of India by NIRF 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/UniversityRanking.html |access-date=15 April 2021 |website=www.nirfindia.org |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628054704/https://www.nirfindia.org/2020/UniversityRanking.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The state is home to some of the premier educational and research institutions of India such as the [[Indian Institute of Management|Indian Institute of Management – Bengaluru]], the [[Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad|Indian Institute of Technology – Dharwad]] the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences|National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences – Bengaluru]], the [[National Institute of Technology Karnataka|National Institute of Technology Karnataka – Surathkal]] and the [[National Law School of India University|National Law School of India University – Bengaluru]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Education in Karnataka |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/new-page/Education/en |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=www.karnataka.gov.in |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306153609/https://www.karnataka.gov.in/new-page/Education/en |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2006, Karnataka had 54,529 primary schools with 252,875 teachers and 8.495&nbsp;million students,<ref name="school">{{cite web |url=http://www.schooleducation.kar.nic.in/pdffiles/SomeImportantStatistics.pdf |title=Number of schools in Karnataka on 31-03-2006 |work=Department of Public Instruction |publisher=Government of Karnataka |access-date=6 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001645/http://www.schooleducation.kar.nic.in/pdffiles/SomeImportantStatistics.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2007}}</ref> and 9498 secondary schools with 92,287 teachers and 1.384&nbsp;million students.<ref name="school" /> There are three kinds of schools in the state, viz., government-run, private aided (financial aid is provided by the government) and private unaided (no financial aid is provided). The primary languages of instruction in most schools are [[Kannada]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhary |first=Puran |date=17 June 2024 |title=Karnataka: 1,419 government schools to start bilingual education |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jun/17/karnataka-1419-government-schools-to-start-bilingual-education |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Karnataka stats.jpg|thumb|left|Literacy rates of Karnataka districts<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/karnataka.html |title=List of districts of Karnataka |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825071854/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/karnataka.html |archive-date=25 August 2013}}</ref>]]
The syllabus taught in the schools is either of [[Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board|KSEEB (SSLC)]] and [[Pre-university course|Pre-University Course (PUC)]] of the State Syllabus, the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] of the Central Syllabus, [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations|CISCE]], [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|IGCSE]], [[International Baccalaureate|IB]], [[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]], etc., are all defined by the Department of Public Instruction of the [[Government of Karnataka]]. The state has two Sainik Schools – [[Sainik School Kodagu|Kodagu Sainik School in Kodagu]] and [[Sainik School Bijapur|Bijapur Sainik School in Bijapur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Sainik Schools in India- Complete Details of 33 Schools and Sainik School Admission 2024-25 |url=https://nationaldefenceinstitute.in/blog/complete-list-of-sainik-schools-in-india |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=National Defence Institute |language=en}}</ref>

To maximise attendance in schools, the Karnataka Government has launched a mid-day meal scheme in government and aided schools in which free lunch is provided to the students.<ref name="lunch">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Bangalore/Mid-day_meal_scheme_extended/articleshow/2050892.cms |title=Mid-day meal scheme extended |work=The Times of India, dated 2007-05-16 |publisher=Times Internet Limited |access-date=6 June 2007 |date=16 May 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526220312/http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Bangalore/Mid-day_meal_scheme_extended/articleshow/2050892.cms |archive-date=26 May 2007}}</ref>

[[SSLC|Statewide board examinations]] are conducted at the end of secondary education. Students who qualify are allowed to pursue a two-year [[Pre University Course|pre-university course]], after which they become eligible to pursue [[bachelor's degree|under-graduate]] degrees.<ref name=":5" />

There are 481-degree colleges affiliated with one of the [[universities]] in the state, viz. [[Bangalore University|Bengaluru University]], [[Rani Channamma University, Belagavi]], [[Gulbarga University]], [[Karnatak University]], [[Kuvempu University]], [[Mangalore University]] and [[Mysore University]].<ref name="degree">{{cite web |url=http://www.dce.kar.nic.in/statistics/districtwise%20&%20universitywise.pdf |title=Districtwise and Universitywise degree college statistics for 2006–07 |work=The Department of Collegiate Education |publisher=Government of Karnataka |access-date=6 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001645/http://www.dce.kar.nic.in/statistics/districtwise%20%26%20universitywise.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2007}}</ref> In 1998, the engineering colleges in the state were brought under the newly formed [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] headquartered in [[Belgaum]], whereas the medical colleges are run under the jurisdiction of the [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]] headquartered in [[Bengaluru]]. Some of these baccalaureate colleges are accredited with the status of a [[deemed university]]. There are 186 engineering, 39 medical and 41 dental colleges in the state.<ref>{{cite book |title=Karnataka CET 2011 Brochure |year=2010 |publisher=Karnataka Examinations Authority |location=Sampige Road, Malleshwaram, Bangalore |url=http://cet.kar.nic.in/cet2011/Brochure_files/CET_Manual_Book_69-83.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021151457/http://cet.kar.nic.in/cet2011/Brochure_files/CET_Manual_Book_69-83.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2011}}</ref> [[Udupi]], [[Sringeri]], [[Gokarna, India|Gokarna]] and [[Melkote]] are well-known places of [[Sanskrit]] and [[Veda|Vedic]] learning. In 2015 the Central Government decided to establish the first [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in Karnataka at [[Dharwad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/first-iit-karnataka-come-dharwad-645972 |title=First IIT in Karnataka to Come up in Dharwad |website=[[International Business Times]] |date=9 September 2015 |access-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927150407/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/first-iit-karnataka-come-dharwad-645972 |archive-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> Tulu and Konkani<ref>{{cite web |title=Konkani as a third optional language in Schools |url=http://www.konkaniacademy.org/news-events/news-events1/205-konkani-as-a-third-optional-language-in-schools |date=2011 |access-date= 3 August 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161005181816/http://www.konkaniacademy.org/news-events/news-events1/205-konkani-as-a-third-optional-language-in-schools |archive-date= 5 October 2016}}</ref> languages are taught as an optional subject in the twin districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=74609 |title=Mangalore: Tulu Enters Schools as a Language of Study |date=27 March 2010 |work=daijiworld.com |publisher=Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore |access-date= 18 January 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111103220825/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=74609 |archive-date= 3 November 2011}}</ref>

[[Christ University]], [[Jain University]], [[CMR University]], [[Dayananda Sagar University]], [[PES University]] and [[REVA University]] are notable private universities in Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

On 9 February 2022, Karnataka shut its schools for three days after the regional administration-backed schools imposed a [[2022 Karnataka hijab row|hijab ban]], leading to widespread protests and violence. Other universities in the state began enforcing prohibitions after Hindu students, supported by right-wing Hindu groups, argued that if hijabs were allowed in classrooms, they should wear saffron shawls. On 5 February 2022, the Karnataka state government advised colleges to guarantee that "clothes which disturb equality, integrity, and public law and order should not be worn" in apparent support of schools' ability to enforce a ban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Petersen |first=Hannah Ellis |date=9 February 2022 |title=Violent clashes over hijab ban in southern India force schools to close |page=1 |work=The Guardian News |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/09/violent-clashes-over-hijab-ban-in-southern-india-force-schools-to-close |access-date=10 February 2022 |archive-date=10 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210124930/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/09/violent-clashes-over-hijab-ban-in-southern-india-force-schools-to-close |url-status=live }}</ref>