Editing Jus soli (section)

=== Europe ===
* {{flag|France|name}}: Children born in France (including [[Overseas France|overseas territories]]) to at least one parent who is either (i) a French national or (ii) born in France, are automatically granted French nationality at birth. Children born in France to foreign parents who do not fulfil either of these two conditions may acquire citizenship from age 13 subject to residence conditions (see [[French nationality law]]). A child born in France to foreign parents becomes a French citizen automatically upon turning 18, provided that they reside in France on their 18th birthday and have had their primary residence in France for a total (but not necessarily continuous) period of at least 5 years since the age of 11. Children born in France to two [[Statelessness|stateless]] parents receive French nationality automatically at birth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comment devient-on citoyen français ? |url=https://www.vie-publique.fr/fiches/23849-comment-devient-citoyen-francais |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=www.vie-publique.fr}}</ref>
* {{flag|Germany|name}}: Prior to 2000, Germany's [[German nationality law|nationality law]] was based entirely on ''[[jus sanguinis]]'', but now children born in Germany on or after 1 January 2000 to non-German parents acquire German citizenship at birth if at least one parent has a permanent residence permit and resided in Germany for at least five years prior to the child's birth.
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greek nationality law|Greece]]: Apart from regulations in past and historic nationality laws of Greece granting nationality ''jus soli'',<ref>e.g., child born in Greece to alien parents after coming of age (Nationality law of 1835, Article 2), child born in Greece of unknown father and mother (Greek Civil Law of 1856, Article 14, Paragraph c), child born in Greece and not automatically acquiring another nationality (Greek Nationality Code of 1955, Article 1, Paragraph d)</ref> the [[Greek nationality law|Greek Nationality Code]] of 2004 states that "A person born in Greek territory acquires by birth the Greek nationality if not acquiring alien nationality or is of unknown nationality".<ref>{{cite web|title=Greek Nationality Code (Law 3284 of 2004)|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGQ_kZuUB4NxXdtvSoClrL8EegH9xtRd-R5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuWsLHX0bpf96NtWuRfc9Zq-Rx6Ucr5qB1DD2JpqdvYoP|website=Et.gr|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=7 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007144449/http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGQ_kZuUB4NxXdtvSoClrL8EegH9xtRd-R5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuWsLHX0bpf96NtWuRfc9Zq-Rx6Ucr5qB1DD2JpqdvYoP|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, as from 2015's amendment of 2004 Code (Law 4332 of 2015, G.G. A/76/9 July 2015), a child born in Greece by foreign parents shall acquire the right of Greek nationality with a combination of primary school attendance and parents' legal residence in Greece (5 years, 10 if the child is born prior to 5 years of legal residence).<ref>"Article 1 A child of foreigner parents born in Greece acquires the right to Greek nationality under the following preconditions: a) He/she has enrolled in the first grade of elementary school and is still attending Greek school at the time the application-declaration of paragraph 2 is being lodged. b) One of their parents has been living legally and continuously for at least five (5) years in the country before the child was born. In case the child was born before this five year period had been completed, then the necessary period of legal and continuous residence of the parents is extended to ten (10) years." See, [http://www.ypes.gr/UserFiles/24e0c302-6021-4a6b-b7e4-8259e281e5f3/metan-n4332-2015.pdf Law 4332 of 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923190247/http://www.ypes.gr/UserFiles/24e0c302-6021-4a6b-b7e4-8259e281e5f3/metan-n4332-2015.pdf |date=23 September 2016 }}</ref> One year after the implementation of the law (as from July 2016), 6,029 children had been granted Greek nationality, out of 27,720 submitted applications.<ref>{{cite web|title=Athens Macedonian News Agency: News in English, 16-07-04|url=http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2016/16-07-04_5.apeen.html#02|date=4 July 2016|website=Hri.org|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-date=7 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007144543/http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2016/16-07-04_5.apeen.html#02|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Republic of Ireland|name|name=Ireland}}: On 1 January 2005, the law was amended to require that at least one of the parents be an Irish citizen; a British citizen; a resident with a permanent right to reside in Ireland or in Northern Ireland; or a legal resident residing three of the last four years in the country (excluding students and asylum seekers) (see [[Irish nationality law]]).<ref name="cmatters" /> The amendment was prompted by the case of [[Chen v Home Secretary|Man Chen]], a Chinese woman living in mainland [[United Kingdom]] who traveled to [[Belfast]] ([[Northern Ireland]], part of the UK) to give birth in order to benefit from the previous rule whereby anyone born on any part of the [[Ireland|island of Ireland]] was automatically granted Irish citizenship. The Chinese parents used their daughter's Irish (and thereby [[Citizenship of the European Union|European Union]]) citizenship to obtain permanent residence in the UK as parents of a dependent EU citizen. Ireland was the last country in Europe to abolish unrestricted ''jus soli''. (see [[Irish nationality law]]).<ref>{{Citation |title=Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department |date=19 October 2004 |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:62002CJ0200 |issue=Case C-200/02 |access-date=11 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811105022/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:62002CJ0200 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Italy|name}}: The law that regulates this right is n. 91 of 5 February 1992. Article 4 paragraph 2 grants this possibility to a person born in Italy, who has legally resided there without interruption until reaching the age of 18, and becomes a citizen if they declare that they wish to acquire Italian citizenship within one year from the aforementioned date. They can make use of this right by submitting a simple declaration of will to the Civil Status Office of their municipality of residence. It is important to know that the Municipality of belonging is required, according to article 33 of Law 98/2013, to inform foreign citizens, during the 6 months preceding the age of 18, of the possibility of applying for Italian citizenship by the age of 19. In the absence of such communication, the request can be made even after the age of 19. In the event that, despite having been born in Italy, one has not had continuous residence from birth, but has resided in Italy for at least three years, at the age of 18, the application can be presented at the Prefecture with all the necessary documentation. Furthermore, in application of art. 1 of the same law and which aims to prevent statelessness, in Italy the ''jus soli'' is applied in other cases: – by birth in Italy of unknown or stateless parents; – by birth on Italian territory of foreign parents unable to transmit their citizenship to the subject according to the law of the country of origin; – the child of unknown persons found in the territory of the Republic is considered a citizen by birth, if the possession of another citizenship is not proven.
* {{flag|Latvia}}: A person born since 1 January 2020 in Latvia or to Latvian-resident parents defaults to Latvian citizenship, although the child can instead gain a different citizenship at birth if both parents agree on this; if either parent is a citizen of another country, the parents must submit documentation disclaiming any other birthright citizenship the child would otherwise be entitled to in order for the child to be recognized as a Latvian citizen by ''jus soli''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 October 2019|title=No more "non-citizens" to be born in Latvia from 2020|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/society/no-more-non-citizens-to-be-born-in-latvia-from-2020.a335553/|url-status=live|access-date=6 December 2024|website=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|language=en|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301192200/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/society/no-more-non-citizens-to-be-born-in-latvia-from-2020.a335553/}}</ref>
* {{flag|Luxembourg}}: A person born in Luxembourg is automatically a [[Luxembourgish nationality law|Luxembourg citizen]] if at least one of their parents was also born in Luxembourg.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Obtaining Luxembourgish nationality by simple operation of law – Citoyens // Luxembourg|url=https://guichet.public.lu/citoyens/en/citoyennete/nationalite-luxembourgeoise/possession-automatique/effet-loi/index.html|website=guichet.public.lu|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142439/https://guichet.public.lu/citoyens/en/citoyennete/nationalite-luxembourgeoise/possession-automatique/effet-loi/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, a person born in Luxembourg to foreign, non-Luxembourg-born parents can become a Luxembourg citizen from the age of 12 if they have resided uninterrupted in Luxembourg for at least 5 years immediately prior to submitting the application, and if at least one of their parents lived in Luxembourg uninterrupted for at least 12 months immediately preceding their birth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Acquiring Luxembourgish nationality by option|url=https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/citoyennete/nationalite-luxembourgeoise/acquisition-recouvrement/option.html|website=Guichet.lu|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204040431/https://guichet.public.lu/en/citoyens/citoyennete/nationalite-luxembourgeoise/acquisition-recouvrement/option.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Furthermore, a person born in Luxembourg to foreign, non-Luxembourg-born parents gains Luxembourg citizenship automatically upon reaching the age of 18, provided that they have lived uninterrupted in Luxembourg for the preceding 5 years and at least one of their parents lived uninterrupted in Luxembourg for at least 12 months immediately preceding their birth.<ref name=":0" />
* {{flag|Malta}}: A person born in Malta on or after 1 August 1989 is automatically a Maltese citizen if at least one of their parents is Maltese or was born in Malta. Anyone born in Malta before 1 August 1989, regardless of their parents' circumstances, is automatically a Maltese citizen, as the country conferred unconditional ''jus soli'' until this date (see [[Maltese nationality law]]).
* {{flag|Netherlands|name}}: After 31 December 1984, the following conditions apply: "The child's mother has Dutch nationality at the time of birth, or the child's parents both have Dutch nationality at the time of birth, or the father of the child has Dutch nationality at the time of birth and is married/registered partner to the non-Dutch mother or acknowledged the child, or the child and the child's mother have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the mother's parents also had her main residence in the Kingdom on the day the mother was born, or the child and the child's father have their principal residence in the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time of birth. One of the father's parents also had his main residence in The Kingdom on the day the father was born."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naturalisatiedienst |first=Immigratie-en |title=Nederlander door geboorte, erkenning of adoptie |url=https://ind.nl/nl/nederlanderschap/nederlander-door-geboorte-erkenning-of-adoptie |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=ind.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Naturalisatiedienst |first=Immigratie-en |title=Dutch citizen by birth, acknowledgment or adoption |url=https://ind.nl/en/dutch-citizenship/dutch-citizen-by-birth-acknowledgment-or-adoption |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=ind.nl |language=nl-NL}}</ref>
* {{flag|Portugal|name}}: A child born in Portuguese territory to parents who do not possess another nationality is a Portuguese citizen. Also, a person born to foreign parents who were not serving their respective states at the time of birth is a Portuguese citizen if the person declares that they want to be Portuguese and provided that one of the parents has resided in Portugal for at least one year at the time of birth.<ref>[https://dre.pt/dre/legislacao-consolidada/lei/1981-34536975-48300275 Lei da Nacionalidade – Capítulo I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101202928/https://dre.pt/dre/legislacao-consolidada/lei/1981-34536975-48300275 |date=1 January 2023 }} Retrieved 11 March 2023</ref>
* {{flag|Spain|name}}: A child born in Spain to foreign parents may acquire Spanish citizenship ''jus soli'' under certain conditions, for example, if either one of the parents was also born in Spain or if neither of the parents can transmit their nationality to the child (such as stateless parents).
* {{flaglist|Ukraine}}: A child born on the territory of Ukraine may acquire Ukrainian citizenship ''jus soli'', if they do not acquire foreign nationality by ''jus sanguinis'' from parents, or if their parents have been granted refugee or asylum status in Ukraine, or if the child is stateless or of unknown nationality (see [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text Ukrainian citizenship law, articles 6 and 7]).
* {{flag|United Kingdom|name}}: Prior to 1 July 2006 unmarried British fathers did not automatically pass on their nationality to children born out of wedlock, even if those children were born in the United Kingdom. ''Jus soli'' citizenship was abolished by the [[British Nationality Act 1981|British Nationality Act of 1981]]. Since 1 January 1983 until the 2006 changes, children born out of wedlock to foreign (non-British) women were not eligible for citizenship unless the mother was legally "settled" in the country. In 2015 the law was applied retroactively to children born prior to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web| title = The sins of the father: entitlement to citizenship for children born to unmarried parents before 1 July 2006| access-date = 2025-01-28| url = https://luqmanithompson.com/news/the-sins-of-the-father-entitlement-to-citizenship-for-children-born-to-unmarried-parents-before-1-july-2006}}</ref> Under the current law, if neither parent is British or settled, then a child born in the UK can apply for British citizenship if they have spent the first ten years of their life in the UK (see [[British nationality law]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/children-nationality-policy-guidance/registration-as-british-citizen-children-accessible#children-born-in-the-uk | title=Registration as British citizen: Children (Accessible) }}</ref>