Editing Jurassic Park (film) (section)

====List====
{{see also|Rexy|Velociraptors in Jurassic Park{{!}}''Velociraptors'' in ''Jurassic Park''}}
[[File:StanWinstonTRex.jpg|upright=1.13|thumb|right|The life-sized animatronic ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/jurassic-park-t-rex-sculpting-a-full-size-dinosaur |title=Jurassic Park's T-Rex – Sculpting a Full-Size Dinosaur |date=December 15, 2012 |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |access-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015011757/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/jurassic-park-t-rex-sculpting-a-full-size-dinosaur |url-status=live}}</ref>|alt=A life-sized Tyrannosaurus robotic model, with hydraulics where the dinosaur's feet would be, touches a car in a movie set.]]
Various dinosaurs are featured throughout the film:
* ''[[Alamosaurus]]'' appears as a skeleton in the Jurassic Park visitor center.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/see-tyrannosaurus-take-a-bite-out-of-alamosaurus-41321171/ |title=See Tyrannosaurus Take a Bite out of Alamosaurus |last=Black |first=Riley |date=March 25, 2009 |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |access-date=June 6, 2021 |archive-date=June 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607065112/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/see-tyrannosaurus-take-a-bite-out-of-alamosaurus-41321171/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Brachiosaurus]]'' is the first dinosaur the park's visitors see. It is inaccurately depicted as chewing its food and standing up on its hind legs to browse among the high tree branches.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} According to artist Andy Schoneberg, the chewing was done to make the animal seem docile, resembling a cow chewing its cud. The dinosaur's head and upper neck was the largest puppet without hydraulics built for the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/rehearsing-jurassic-park-brachiosaurus-puppet |title=Jurassic Park's Brachiosaurus Animatronic Puppet Rehearsal |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |date=January 23, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106045630/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/rehearsing-jurassic-park-brachiosaurus-puppet |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite scientific evidence of ''Brachiosaurus'' having limited vocal capabilities, sound designer [[Gary Rydstrom]] decided to represent them with [[whale sound|whale songs]] and [[donkey]] calls to give them a melodic sense of wonder. [[Penguin]]s were also recorded to be used in the noises of the dinosaurs.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}}
* ''[[Dilophosaurus]]'' is also very different from its real-life counterpart, made significantly smaller to ensure audiences did not confuse it with the raptors.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=36}} Its [[neck frill]] and its ability to spit venom are fictitious. Its vocal sounds were made by combining a [[swan]], a [[hawk]], a [[howler monkey]], and a [[rattlesnake]].<ref name="Earl doc" /> The animatronic model, nicknamed "Spitter" by Winston's team, was animated by the puppeteers sitting on a trench in the set floor, using a [[paintball]] mechanism to spit the mixture of [[methyl cellulose]] and [[K-Y Jelly]] that served as venom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/making-jurassic-park-dilophosaurus-aka-spitter |title=Jurassic Park's Spitter – Building the animatronic Dilophosaurus dinosaur puppet |website=Stan Winston School of Character Arts |date=April 5, 2013 |access-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106045329/https://www.stanwinstonschool.com/blog/making-jurassic-park-dilophosaurus-aka-spitter |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Gallimimus]]'' are featured in a stampede scene in which the ''Tyrannosaurus'' eats one of them. The ''Gallimimus'' was the first dinosaur to be digitized, featured in two ILM tests, initially as a herd of skeletons and then fully skinned while pursued by the ''T. rex''.<ref name="Earl doc" /> Its design was based on [[ostrich]]es, and to emphasize the birdlike qualities, the animation focused mostly on the herd rather than individual animals.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=135}} As reference for the dinosaurs' run, the animators were filmed running at the ILM parking lot, with plastic pipes standing in as a fallen tree that the ''Gallimimus'' jump over.<ref name=next/> The footage inspired the incorporation of an animal falling, as one of the artists did trying to make the jump.<ref name=back>{{cite web |url=http://www.fxguide.com/featured/welcome-back-to-jurassic-park/ |title=Welcome (back) to Jurassic Park |first=Ian |last=Failes |website=FX Guide |date=April 4, 2013 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-date=December 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209073515/http://www.fxguide.com/featured/welcome-back-to-jurassic-park/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Horse squeals became the ''Gallimimus''{{'}}s sounds.<ref name=vult>{{cite news |url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/how-the-dino-sounds-in-jurassic-park-were-made.html |date=September 4, 2013 |title=You'll Never Guess How the Dinosaur Sounds in Jurassic Park Were Made |work=[[New York (magazine)|Vulture]] |first=Kyle |last=Buchanan |access-date=January 15, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116114627/http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/how-the-dino-sounds-in-jurassic-park-were-made.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Parasaurolophus]]'' appear in the background during the first encounter with the ''Brachiosaurus''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfSnkQ4VO24C&pg=PA45 |title=Jurassic Park |journal=[[Popular Science]] |date=November 1996 |author=Nelson, Ray |access-date=February 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913025918/https://books.google.com/books?id=OfSnkQ4VO24C&pg=PA45 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Triceratops]]'' has an extended cameo, depicted as sick from eating a toxic plant. Its appearance was a logistical nightmare for Winston when Spielberg asked to shoot the animatronic of the sick creature earlier than expected.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=83}} The model, operated by eight puppeteers on Kauai, was the first dinosaur filmed during production,<ref name=dawn/> and was the only one brought to Hawaii for filming.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=59}} Winston also created a baby ''Triceratops'' for Richards to ride, a scene cut from the script for pacing reasons.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=64}} Rydstrom combined the sound of himself breathing into a cardboard tube with the cows near his workplace at [[Skywalker Ranch]] to create the ''Triceratops'' vocals.<ref name=vult />
* The ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' (an individual later referred to by fans as "[[Rexy]]")<ref>{{cite web|last=Scott |first=Ryan |title=Original Jurassic Park T-Rex Will Return in Jurassic World 2 |url=http://movieweb.com/jurassic-world-2-classic-tyrannosaurus-rex-returning-rexy/ |website=MovieWeb |date=April 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420043826/http://movieweb.com/jurassic-world-2-classic-tyrannosaurus-rex-returning-rexy/ |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> was partly represented by a life-sized animatronic, which stood {{convert|20|ft|m|disp=flip}}, weighed {{convert|7900|kg|lb}},{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=95–105}} and was {{convert|40|ft|m|disp=flip}} long.<ref name="magic">{{cite magazine |author=[[Richard Corliss|Corliss, Richard]] |title=Behind the Magic of Jurassic Park |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 26, 1993 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978307,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930102341/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,978307,00.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=January 26, 2007}}</ref> It was the largest creature made by Winston's studio up to that point.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=104}} Horner called it "the closest I've ever been to a live dinosaur".<ref name="magic" /> While the consulting paleontologists did not agree on the dinosaur's movement, particularly its running capabilities, animator [[Steve Williams (animator)|Steve Williams]] decided to "throw physics out the window and create a ''T. rex'' that moved at sixty miles per hour even though its hollow bones would have busted if it ran that fast".{{sfn|Shone|2004|p=217}} The major reason was the ''T. rex'' chasing a Jeep, a scene that took two months to finish.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} The dinosaur is depicted with a vision system based on movement, though later studies indicate the ''T. rex'' had [[binocular vision]] comparable to a [[bird of prey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sight+for+'saur+eyes%3A+T.+rex+vision+was+among+nature's+best.-a0148185715 |title=Sight for 'saur eyes: T. rex vision was among nature's best. |work=[[Science News]] |author=Jaffe, Eric |date=June 28, 2006 |access-date=January 15, 2014 |archive-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214151518/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sight+for+%27saur+eyes%3A+T.+rex+vision+was+among+nature%27s+best.-a0148185715 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its roar is a baby [[elephant]]'s squeal combined with [[alligator]] and [[crocodile]] noises as well as a [[tiger]]'s snarl and a [[lion]]'s roar,{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/how-they-designed-the-jurassic-park-t-rex-roar/|title=How They Designed The T-Rex Roar in 'Jurassic Park'|website=Film School Rejects|date=December 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/jurassic-park-t-rex-roar-creation/|title=How Jurassic Park Created the T-Rex Roar|website=CBR.com|date=May 5, 2022}}</ref> its grunts those of a male [[koala]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-12 |title=Why does Hollywood get animals so wrong? And why does it often involve a kookaburra? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-03-13/koala-roar-jurassic-park-hollywood-sound-effects-animals/100875044 |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318225252/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-03-13/koala-roar-jurassic-park-hollywood-sound-effects-animals/100875044 |url-status=live}}</ref> and its breath a [[whale]]'s blow.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}} A dog attacking a rope toy was used for the sounds of the ''T. rex'' tearing a ''Gallimimus'' apart,<ref name="Earl doc" /> while cut [[Sequoia (genus)|sequoias]] crashing to the ground became the sound of its footsteps.<ref name=pre/> 
* ''[[Velociraptor]]'' plays a major role in the film. [[Velociraptors in Jurassic Park|The creature's depiction]] is not based on the actual dinosaur genus, which was significantly smaller. Crichton instead based his version on ''[[Deinonychus]]'', which his research had indicated to be a ''Velociraptor'' relative.<ref>{{cite web |last=Black |first=Riley |title=You say "Velociraptor", I say "Deinonychus" |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/you-say-velociraptor-i-say-deinonychus-33789870/ |website=Smithsonian |access-date=February 8, 2025 |date=November 7, 2008}}</ref> He kept the ''Velociraptor'' name as he thought it sounded more dramatic.<ref>{{cite news |last=Musante |first=Fred |title=Lessons for the Future in Ancient Bones |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/nyregion/lessons-for-the-future-in-ancient-bones.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 29, 1997 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020810/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/nyregion/lessons-for-the-future-in-ancient-bones.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly before ''Jurassic Park''{{'}}s release,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-do-we-really-know-about-utahraptor-95334335/ |title=What Do We Really Know About Utahraptor? &#124; Dinosaur Tracking |doi=10.1080/02724634.2001.10010852 |newspaper=Smithsonian Magazine |s2cid=220414868 |access-date=January 24, 2013 |date=August 22, 2001 |volume=21 |issue=sup003 |pages=1–117 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110184328/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-do-we-really-know-about-utahraptor-95334335/ |url-status=live |issn = 0272-4634 }}</ref> the similar ''[[Utahraptor]]'' was discovered, although it proved even bigger than the film's raptors. This prompted Winston to joke, "After we created it, they discovered it".<ref name="magic" /> For the attack on Muldoon and parts of the kitchen sequence, the raptors were [[Suitmation|played by men in suits]].{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=113–114}} Other methods would also be used to portray the dinosaurs, including on-set puppets.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Ultimate Guide to Jurassic Park |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VK9lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time Home Entertainment |date=June 15, 2018 |pages=66 |isbn=9781547843688 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201183745/https://books.google.com/books?id=VK9lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |url-status=live }}</ref> During a take on the kitchen set, one of the raptors slammed into Mazzello, who sustained a minor head injury from its hand claw.<ref>{{cite web |last=Deckelmeier |first=Joe |title=Joseph Mazzello Interview: Jurassic Park |url=https://screenrant.com/jurassic-park-joseph-mazzello-interview/ |website=ScreenRant |access-date=February 8, 2025 |date=April 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Clements |first=Erin |title='Bohemian Rhapsody' star Joseph Mazzello looks back on 'Jurassic Park' |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/bohemian-rhapsody-star-joseph-mazzello-looks-back-jurassic-park-t139022 |website=Today.com |access-date=February 8, 2025 |date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> [[Dolphin]] screams, [[walrus]]es bellowing, [[geese]] hissing,<ref name="Earl doc" /> [[Grey-crowned crane|an African crane]]'s [[mating call]], [[tortoise]]s mating, and human rasps were mixed to formulate various raptor sounds.{{sfn|Shay & Duncan|1993|p=144–6}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=vult/> Following discoveries made after the film's release, most paleontologists theorize that [[dromaeosaur]]s like ''Velociraptor'' and ''[[Deinonychus]]'' were [[Feathered dinosaur|covered with feathers]] like modern birds. This feature is included in ''[[Jurassic Park III]]'' for the male raptors, which have a row of small quills on their heads.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. S. Paul |date=2002 |title=Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds |location=Baltimore |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]}}</ref>