Editing Judiciary (section)

==== Ius Commune ====
Around the 15th century, a process of reception and acculturation started with both laws. The final product was known as ''[[Jus commune|Ius Commune]]''. It was a combination of canon law, which represented the common norms and principles, and Roman law, which were the actual rules and terms. It meant the creation of more legal texts and books and a more systematic way of going through the legal process.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Church and Roman law|last=Dębiński, Antoni|date=2010|publisher=Wydawnictwo KUL|isbn=9788377020128|location=Lublin|pages=82–96}}</ref> In the new legal process, appeal was possible. The process would be partially [[Inquisitorial system|inquisitorial]], where the judge would actively investigate all the evidence before him, but also partially [[Adversarial system|adversarial]], where both parties are responsible for finding the evidence to convince the judge.<ref>{{Cite book|title=European legal history: a cultural and political perspective|last=Lesaffer, Randall|translator=Arriens, Jan |isbn=9780521877985|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=265–266, 269–274|oclc=299718438|date=25 June 2009}}</ref>

[[File:JMR-Memphis1.jpg|thumb|[[Lady Justice]] (Latin: ''Justicia''), symbol of the judiciary.<ref>Hamilton, Marci.  ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ox4_vqFCjcEC&pg=PA296 God vs. the Gavel]'', p. 296 (Cambridge University Press 2005): "The symbol of the judicial system, seen in courtrooms throughout the United States, is blindfolded Lady Justice."</ref><ref>Fabri, Marco.  ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AwwH0F8iC9QC&pg=PA137 The challenge of change for judicial systems]'', p, 137 (IOS Press 2000): "the judicial system is intended to be apolitical, its symbol being that of a blindfolded Lady Justice holding balanced scales."</ref> Statue at Shelby County Courthouse, Memphis, Tennessee]]
After the [[French Revolution]], lawmakers stopped interpretation of law by judges, and the legislature was the only body permitted to interpret the law; this prohibition was later overturned by the [[Napoleonic Code]].<ref>Cappelletti, Mauro et al.  ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gC2sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA150 The Italian Legal System]'', p. 150 (Stanford University Press 1967).</ref>