Editing Jimmy Doolittle (section)

==Honors and awards==
[[File:Reagan Goldwater pin star on Jimmy Doolittle 1985.jpg|thumb|left|Doolittle is awarded a fourth star, pinned on by President [[Ronald Reagan]] (left) and Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] (right), April 10, 1985.]]
On April 4, 1985, President [[Ronald Reagan]] promoted Doolittle to the rank of full four-star [[General (United States)|general]] (O-10) on the [[U.S. Air Force]] retired list. Initially, Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] had sponsored legislation to waive Doolittle's ineligibility by statute, since he was ineligible for the rank as a reservist as well as for lack of being on active duty. However, the legislation stalled in the House, causing Goldwater to request that Reagan promote him with only Senate consent. This was arguably unlawful because of the Senate's inability to waive statutory restrictions.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-1_Number-4/Mears.pdf | title=Stars on Tombstones: Honorary Promotions of Air Corps and Air Force Leaders | journal=Air & Space Operations Review | date=2022-12-10 | access-date=2022-12-10| pages=16}}</ref>  In a later ceremony, President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] and retired [[Air Force Reserve]] Major General [[Barry Goldwater]] pinned on Doolittle's [[General (United States)|four-star insignia]]. Later, in 1986, the Comptroller General ruled that the promotion was unlawful for pay or benefit purposes due to the lack of implementing legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/b-224142.pdf|title=Decision|publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office|date=1986-11-28}}</ref> This effectively made it entirely honorary.

In addition to his [[Medal of Honor]] for the Tokyo raid, Doolittle received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], two [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medals]], the [[Silver Star]], three [[Distinguished Flying Cross (U.S.)|Distinguished Flying Crosses]], the [[Bronze Star Medal]], four [[Air Medal]]s, and decorations from [[Belgium]], [[China]], [[Ecuador]], [[France]], [[Great Britain]], and [[Poland]]. He was the first American to be awarded both the Medal of Honor and the Medal of Freedom. He is also one of only two persons (the other being [[Douglas MacArthur]]) to receive both the Medal of Honor and a British knighthood, when he was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Bath]].

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|-
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|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Army of Occupation of Germany ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=8|type=service-star|ribbon=European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|name=World War II Victory Medal ribbon|width=110}}
|[[File:Armed Forces Reserve Medal ribbon.svg|106px]]<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -62px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Hourglass Device Bronze.svg|18px]]</span>
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=4|type=oak|ribbon=Air Force Longevity Service ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=110}}
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|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=BOL Order of Condor of the Andes - Officer BAR.png|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Order of Abdón Calderón 1st Class (Ecuador) - ribbon bar.png|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Ordre de l'Ouissam Alaouite Chevalier ribbon (Maroc).svg|width=110}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=POL Polonia Restituta Kawalerski BAR.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg|width=110}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Croix_de_guerre_1939-1945_with_palm_(France)_-_ribbon_bar.png|width=110}}
|-
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Medal of the Armed Forces, A-First Class ribbon.png|width=110}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|colspan="3"|[[United States Aviator Badge|U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge]]
|-
|colspan="3"|[[United States Naval Aviator|Honorary Naval Aviator Badge]] (1981)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/16/us/doolittle-is-awarded-navy-aviator-wings.html|title=Doolittle Is Awarded Navy Aviator Wings|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1981-12-16|access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref>
|-
|[[Medal of Honor]]
|[[Army Distinguished Service Medal]]<br>with bronze [[oak leaf cluster]]
|[[Silver Star]]
|-
|[[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]]<br>with two bronze oak leaf clusters
|[[Bronze Star]]
|[[Air Medal]]<br>with three bronze oak leaf clusters
|-
|[[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
|[[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]]
|[[Army of Occupation of Germany Medal]]
|-
|[[American Defense Service Medal]]<br>with one [[service star]]
|[[American Campaign Medal]]
|[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]]<br>with bronze [[campaign star]]
|-
|[[European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal]]<br>with one silver and three bronze [[campaign stars]]
|[[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Medal]]
|[[Armed Forces Reserve Medal]]<br>with bronze [[hourglass device]]
|-
|[[Air Force Longevity Service Award]]<br>with four bronze oak leaf clusters
|[[National Defense Service Medal]]
|''[[Order of the Bath]]''<br>Knight Commander (KCB)<br>([[United Kingdom]])
|-
|''[[Order of the Condor of the Andes]]''<br>Officer<br>([[Bolivia]])
|''[[Order of Abdon Calderón]]''<br>1st Class<br>([[Ecuador]])
|''[[Order of Ouissam Alaouite]]''<br>Knight<br>([[Morocco]])
|-
|''[[Order of Polonia Restituta]]''<br>(Krzyż Kawalerski)<br>([[Poland]])
|''[[Legion of Honour|Légion d'honneur]]''<br>Grand-Cross<br>([[France]])
|''[[Croix de guerre 1939–1945|WWII Croix de Guerre]]''<br>with bronze Palm<br>(France)
|-
|''[[War Cross (Belgium)|WWII Croix de Guerre]]''<br>with bronze Palm<br>([[Belgium]])
|''[[Order of the Cloud and Banner]]''<br>3rd Grade<br>([[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]])
|''[[Orders, decorations, and medals of the Republic of China|Medal of the Armed Forces]]''<br>A-1<br>(Republic of China)
|}

In 1972, Doolittle received the [[Tony Jannus Award]] for his distinguished contributions to commercial aviation, in recognition of the development of instrument flight.

Doolittle was awarded the [[Public Welfare Medal]] from the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] in 1959.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Welfare Award|url=http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=February 17, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229180311/http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm|archive-date=December 29, 2010}}</ref> In 1983, he was awarded the [[United States Military Academy]]'s [[Sylvanus Thayer Award]]. He was inducted in the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] as the only member of the air racing category in the inaugural class of 1989, and into the [[Aerospace Walk of Honor]] in the inaugural class of 1990.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36299122/the_los_angeles_times/|title=Ground-Level Monuments Honor Heroes of the Air|last1=Kaplan|first1=Tracey|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 23, 1990|page=840|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

===Medal of Honor citation===
<blockquote>For conspicuous leadership above the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Gen. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=March 21, 2010|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/wwII-a-f.html|title=World War II (A-F); Doolittle, Jimmy entry|work=Medal of Honor recipients|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]]|date=August 3, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616211621/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/wwII-a-f.html|archive-date=June 16, 2008}}</ref></blockquote>

'''Other awards'''
* In 1972, he was awarded the [[Horatio Alger Award]], given to dedicated community leaders who demonstrate individual initiative and a commitment to excellence; as exemplified by remarkable achievements accomplished through honesty, hard work, self-reliance and perseverance over adversity. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc. bears the name of the renowned author Horatio Alger, Jr., whose tales of overcoming adversity through unyielding perseverance and basic moral principles captivated the public in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.horatioalger.org/member_info.cfm?memberid=doo72|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913001043/http://www.horatioalger.org/member_info.cfm?memberid=doo72|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2012|title=Horatio Alger Association Member Information|publisher=Horatioalger.org|access-date=8 July 2014}}</ref>
* In 1977, Doolittle received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref>
* On December 11, 1981, Doolittle was awarded Honorary Naval Aviator wings in recognition of his many years of support of military aviation by [[Chief of Naval Operations]] Admiral [[Thomas B. Hayward]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/nhhc/research/histories/naval-aviation/pdf/app18.pdf|title=Honorary Naval Aviator Designations|publisher=U.S. Navy History Office|access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref>
* In 1983, Doolittle was awarded the [[Sylvanus Thayer Award]].

'''Honors'''
* The city of [[Doolittle, Missouri]], located 5 miles west of [[Rolla, Missouri|Rolla]] was named in his honor after World War II.
* Doolittle was invested into the Sovereign Order of Cyprus and his medallion is now on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
* His Bolivian [[Order of the Condor of the Andes]] is in the collection of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/go-flight|title=Go Flight|date=June 23, 2016|website=National Air and Space Museum}}</ref>
* In 1967, James H. Doolittle was inducted into the [[National Aviation Hall of Fame]].
* The [[Society of Experimental Test Pilots]] annually presents the [[James H. Doolittle Award]] in his memory. The award is for "outstanding accomplishment in technical management or engineering achievement in aerospace technology".
* Doolittle was inducted into the [[San Diego Air & Space Museum#International Air & Space Hall of Fame|International Air & Space Hall of Fame]] at the [[San Diego Air & Space Museum]] in 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sandiegoairandspace.org/hall-of-fame/honoree/james-h.-doolittle-jr|title=San Diego Air & Space Museum – Historical Balboa Park, San Diego|website=sandiegoairandspace.org}}</ref>
* The oldest residence hall on Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's campus, Doolittle Hall (1968), was named in his honor.
* He was inducted into the [[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]] in 1989.<ref name=MSHoF>{{Cite web|title=James Doolittle|url=https://www.mshf.com/hall-of-fame/inductees/james-doolittle.html|access-date=2023-02-03|website=[[Motorsports Hall of Fame of America]]}}</ref>
* ''[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]]'' ranked him the greatest aviator in history.<ref name=AirSpaceMag>{{cite web|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/10-great-pilots-4026745/|title=10 All-Time Great Pilots|work=Air & Space|date=2003}}</ref>
* [[Flying Magazine|''Flying'']] magazine ranked him 6th on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.<ref name=FlyingMag>{{cite web|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/photo-gallery/photos/51-heroes-aviation?pnid=41849|title=51 Heroes of Aviation|work=Flying Magazine|date=2013|access-date=September 22, 2014|archive-date=March 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302095116/https://www.flyingmag.com/photo-gallery/photos/51-heroes-aviation/?pnid=41849|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Doolittle Drive ([[California State Route 61]]) runs along the east side of the Oakland Airport (OAK) in Oakland, California. It parallels Earhart Road<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Earhart+Rd,+Oakland,+CA+94621/@37.7302203,-122.212168,15.75z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x808f85b6cbdad8f1:0xe63ee3f5fe4749cf!8m2!3d37.7311587!4d-122.2117783|title=Earhart Road|access-date=25 August 2021|via=Google Earth}}</ref> (another aviation-themed name), then heads toward [[Hayward, California]].
* A television special, ''All-Star Tribute to General Jimmy Doolittle'', aired in 1986 to honor his 90th birthday. Celebrity appearances included [[Bob Hope]], [[Gerald Ford]], and [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Doolittle Still the Hero at MiramarTribute|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=June 6, 1986|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-06-me-9030-story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All-Star Tribute to General Jimmy Doolittle|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1193548/}}</ref>
* General Doolittle was named as the inaugural [[USAFA Class exemplar|class exemplar]] at the [[United States Air Force Academy]] for the Class of 2000.

===Namesakes===
[[File:DoolittleDrive-sign.jpg|thumb|upright|Street named after Jimmy Doolittle at TRW's Space Park in Redondo Beach, California where he served on the board of directors during the 1960s.]]

Many US Air Force bases have facilities and streets named for Doolittle, such as the Jimmy Doolittle Event Center<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jimmy Doolittle Event Center – 5th Force Support Squadron|url=https://5thforcesupport.com/activities/jimmydoolittle/|access-date=2021-12-17|language=en-US|archive-date=December 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217170445/https://5thforcesupport.com/activities/jimmydoolittle/|url-status=dead}}</ref> at [[Minot Air Force Base]] and the Doolittle Lounge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Event Center – Go Goodfellow {{!}} Goodfellow Air Force Base {{!}} 17 FSS Goodfellow AFB Events – San Angelo, Texas|url=https://www.gogoodfellow.com/event-center/|access-date=2021-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> at [[Goodfellow Air Force Base]].

The headquarters of the United States Air Force Academy Association of Graduates (AOG) on the grounds of the [[United States Air Force Academy]] is named Doolittle Hall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Doolittle+Hall/@38.9977589,-104.8778259,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x871352e8d63283f9:0x89f4cef830f93e32!8m2!3d38.9974704!4d-104.8754852|title=Doolittle Hall, Academy Drive, USAF Academy|access-date=25 August 2021|via=Google Earth}}</ref>

Achievement 6 of the United States Air Force Auxiliary, also known as [[Civil Air Patrol]], is named the Doolittle Award.