Editing James Joyce (section)

====The English Players====
[[File:Pfauen.jpg|thumb|The Pfauen in Zurich. Joyce's preferred hangout was the café, which used to be on the right corner. The theatre staged the English Players.{{sfn|Fischer|2021|p=[{{Google books|id=-IETEAAAQBAJ|pg=PA190|plainurl=yes}} 190]}}|alt=The Pfauen complex, a large stone building. Theatre is in the centre. Cafe used to be right of theatre]]

Joyce co-founded an acting company, the English Players, and became its business manager. The company was pitched to the British government as a contribution to the war effort,{{sfn|Gibson|2006|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce00gibs/page/110 111]}} and mainly staged works by Irish playwrights, such as [[Oscar Wilde]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], and John Millington Synge.{{sfn|McCourt|1999a|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycepassio0000mcco/page/78 78]}} For Synge's ''Riders to the Sea'', Nora played a principal role and Joyce sang offstage,{{sfn|Beja|1992|p =[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/72 73]}} which he did again when [[Robert Browning]]'s ''[[In a Balcony]]'' was staged. He hoped the company would eventually stage his play, ''Exiles'',{{sfnm|Maddox|1989|1p= [https://archive.org/details/nora00bren/page/154 154]|McCourt|1999a|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycepassio0000mcco/page/78 78]}} but his participation in the English Players declined in the wake of the [[Spanish flu|influenza epidemic of 1918]], though the company continued until 1920.{{sfn|Gorman|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce00gorm/page/260 261]}}

Joyce's work with the English Players involved him in a lawsuit. [[Henry Wilfred Carr]], a wounded war veteran and British consul, accused Joyce of underpaying him for his role in ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]''. Carr sued for compensation; Joyce countersued for libel. The cases were resolved in 1919, with Joyce winning the compensation case but losing the one for libel.{{sfnm|Beja|1992|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/72 72–73]|Gibson|2006|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce00gibs/page/112 112–113]|Rushing|2000|3pp =[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25477748 371–372]}} The incident ended up creating acrimony between the British consulate and Joyce for the rest of his time in Zurich.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/254 254]|Gibson|2006|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce00gibs/page/113 113–114]}}