Editing Jacobo Árbenz (section)

==Later life==
===Beginning of exile===
After Árbenz's resignation, his family remained for 73 days at the Mexican embassy in Guatemala City, which was crowded with almost 300 exiles.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=56}} During this period, the CIA initiated a new set of operations against Árbenz, intended to discredit the former president and damage his reputation. The CIA obtained some of Árbenz's personal papers, and released parts of them after doctoring the documents. The CIA also promoted the notion that individuals in exile, such as Árbenz, should be prosecuted in Guatemala.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=56}} When they were finally allowed to leave the country, Árbenz was publicly humiliated at the airport when the authorities made the former president strip before the cameras,{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=62}} claiming that he was carrying jewelry he had bought for his wife, María Cristina Vilanova, at [[Tiffany's]] in New York City, using funds from the presidency; no jewelry was found but the interrogation lasted for an hour.{{sfn|''PR Newswire''|2011}} Through this entire period, coverage of Árbenz in the Guatemalan press was very negative, influenced largely by the CIA's campaign.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=62}}

The family then initiated a long journey in exile that would take them first to Mexico, then to Canada, where they went to pick up Arabella (the Árbenzes' oldest daughter), and then to Switzerland via the Netherlands and Paris.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=64–65}} They hoped to obtain citizenship in Switzerland based on Árbenz's Swiss heritage. However, the former president did not wish to renounce his Guatemalan nationality, as he felt that such a gesture would have marked the end of his political career.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=66}} Árbenz and his family were the victims of a CIA-orchestrated and intense defamation campaign that lasted from 1954 to 1960.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=54}} A close friend of Árbenz, Carlos Manuel Pellecer, turned out to be a spy working for the CIA.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=55}}

===Europe and Uruguay===
After being unable to obtain citizenship in Switzerland, the Árbenz family moved to Paris, where the French government gave them permission to live for a year, on the condition that they did not participate in any political activity,{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=66}} then to [[Prague]], the capital of Czechoslovakia. After only three months, he moved to Moscow, which came as a relief to him from the harsh treatment he received in Czechoslovakia.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=68}} While traveling in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, he was constantly criticized in the press in Guatemala and the US, on the grounds that he was showing his true communist colors by going there.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=68}} After a brief stay in Moscow, Árbenz returned to Prague and then to Paris. From there he separated from his wife: María traveled to El{{nbsp}}Salvador to take care of family affairs.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=68}} The separation made life increasingly difficult for Árbenz, and he slipped into depression and took to drinking excessively.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=68}} He tried several times to return to Latin America, and was finally allowed in 1957 to move to Uruguay.{{sfn|Koeppel|2008|p=153}} The CIA made several attempts to prevent Árbenz from receiving a Uruguayan visa, but these were unsuccessful, and the Uruguayan government allowed Árbenz to travel there as a political refugee.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=69}} Árbenz arrived in [[Montevideo]] on 13 May 1957, where he was met by a hostile "reception committee" organized by the CIA. However, he was still a figure of some note in leftist circles in the city, which partially explained the CIA's hostility.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=70–72}}

While Árbenz was living in Montevideo, his wife came to join him. He was also visited by Arévalo a year after his own arrival there. Although the relationship between Arévalo and the Árbenz family was initially friendly, it soon deteriorated due to differences between the two men.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|p=72}} Arévalo himself was not under surveillance in Uruguay and was occasionally able to express himself through articles in the popular press. He left for Venezuela a year after his arrival to take up a position as a teacher.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=70–72}} During his stay in Uruguay, Árbenz was initially required to report to the police on a daily basis; eventually, however, this requirement was relaxed somewhat to once every eight days.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=70–72}} María Árbenz later stated that the couple was pleased by the hospitality they received in Uruguay, and would have stayed there indefinitely had they received permission to do so.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=70–72}}

=== Daughter's suicide and death ===
After the [[Cuban Revolution]] of 1959, a representative of the [[Fidel Castro]] government asked Árbenz to come to Cuba, to which he readily agreed, sensing an opportunity to live with fewer restrictions on himself. He flew to Havana in July 1960, and, caught up in the spirit of the recent revolution, began to participate in public events.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}} His presence so close to Guatemala once again increased the negative coverage he received in the Guatemalan press. He was offered the leadership of some revolutionary movements in Guatemala but refused, as he was pessimistic about the outcome.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}}

In 1965 Árbenz was invited to the Communist Congress in [[Helsinki]].{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}} Soon afterwards, his daughter Arabella committed suicide in Bogotá, an incident that badly affected Árbenz. Following her funeral, the Árbenz family remained indefinitely in Mexico City, while Árbenz himself spent some time in France and Switzerland, with the ultimate objective of settling down in Mexico.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}}

On one of his visits to Mexico, Árbenz contracted a serious illness, and by the end of 1970 he was very ill. He died soon after. Historians disagree as to the manner of his death: Roberto García Ferreira stated that he died of a heart attack while taking a bath,{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}} while Cindy Forster wrote that he committed suicide.{{sfn|Forster|2001|p=221}} On 19 October 1995, Árbenz's remains were repatriated to Guatemala, accompanied by his widow María.<ref name=arbenzcomeshome>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/10/19/Guatemala-receives-Arbenzs-remains/7532814075200/|title=Guatemala receives Arbenz's remains|first=Amafredo|last=Castellanos|publisher=United Press International|date=19 October 1995|access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref> After his remains were returned to Guatemala, Árbenz was given a military honor as military officers fired cannons in salute as Árbenz's coffin was placed onto a horse-drawn carriage and transported to [[Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala|San Carlos University]], where students and university officials paid posthumous homage to the former president.<ref name=arbenzcomeshome /><ref name=burialandhonor /> The [[Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala]], which previously held autonomy following the 1944 Guatemala Revolution,<ref name=arbenzcomeshome /> awarded Árbenz with a posthumous decoration soon after.{{sfn|Garcia Ferreira|2008|pp=72–73}} After departing from the university, the coffin containing Árbenz's remains was then taken to the [[National Palace (Guatemala)|National Palace]], where it would remain until midnight.<ref name=arbenzcomeshome /> On 20 October 1995, thousands of Guatemalans flocked to the [[Guatemala City General Cemetery]] for his burial service.<ref name=burialandhonor>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-10-21-9510210081-story.html|title=41 Years After Coup, Hero'S Body Returns|first=Richard|last=Phillips|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=21 October 1995|access-date=13 June 2021}}</ref> During the burial service, then-Guatemala Defense Minister Gen. Marco Antonio González, who received Árbenz's remains after they were returned to the country, stayed in his car after crowds booed and screamed, "Army of assassins get out of the country."<ref name=burialandhonor />