Editing Islamism (section)

====Qutbism====
{{main|Qutbism}}

[[Qutbism]] refers to the [[Jihadism|Jihadist]] ideology formulated by [[Sayyid Qutb]], (an influential figure of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in [[Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt|Egypt]] during the '50s and '60s). Qutbism argued that not only was sharia essential for Islam, but that since it was not in force, Islam did not really exist in the Muslim world, which was in ''Jahiliyya'' (the state of pre-Islamic ignorance). To remedy this situation he urged a two-pronged attack of 1) preaching to convert, and 2) jihad to forcibly eliminate the "structures" of ''Jahiliyya''.<ref>''Muslim extremism in Egypt: the prophet and pharaoh'' by Gilles Kepel, pp. 55–6</ref> Defensive jihad against ''Jahiliyya'' Muslim governments would not be enough. "Truth and falsehood cannot coexist on this earth", so offensive Jihad was needed to eliminate ''Jahiliyya'' not only from the Islamic homeland but from the face of the Earth.<ref name="SOAGE-2009-192">{{cite journal |last1=SOAGE |first1=ANA BELÉN |title=Islamism and Modernity: The Political Thought of Sayyid Qutb |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |date=June 2009 |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=192 |doi=10.1080/14690760903119092 |s2cid=144071957 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232945375 |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> In addition, vigilance against Western and Jewish conspiracies against Islam would-be needed.<ref name="carlisle.army.mil">{{cite journal |url=http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/07spring/eikmeier.pdf |title=Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211205245/http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/07spring/eikmeier.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2017 |author=Dale C. Eikmeier |journal=[[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]] |date=Spring 2007 |pages=85–98}}</ref><ref name="Ha">{{cite web |author=Hassan, Hassan |date=13 June 2016 |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2016/12/the-sectarianism-of-the-islamic-state-ideological-roots-and-political-context?lang=en |title=The Sectarianism of the Islamic State: Ideological Roots and Political Context |work=Carnegie Endowment for Peace |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029150445/https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/06/13/sectarianism-of-islamic-state-ideological-roots-and-political-context-pub-63746 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although Qutb was executed before he could fully spell out his ideology,<ref name="Ke">Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002, p. 31</ref> his ideas were disseminated and expanded on by the later generations, among them [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam]] and [[Ayman Al-Zawahiri]], who was a student of Qutb's brother [[Muhammad Qutb]] and later became a mentor of [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>Sageman, Marc, ''Understanding Terror Networks'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p. 63</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gemsofislamism.tripod.com/qutb_milest_influence_obl.html|title=How Did Sayyid Qutb Influence Osama bin Laden?|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017060150/http://gemsofislamism.tripod.com/qutb_milest_influence_obl.html|archive-date=17 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Al-Zawahiri helped to pass on stories of "the purity of Qutb's character" and persecution he suffered, and played an extensive role in the normalization of offensive Jihad among followers of Qutb.<ref>Wright, ''Looming Tower'', 2006, p. 32-59</ref>