Editing Isaac Bashevis Singer (section)

===Zionism===
[[File:The typewriter of Isaac Beshevis Singer.jpg|thumb|The typewriter that Singer used during his visits to Israel in the 1970s]]Issac Bashevis was ambivalent on the question of [[Zionism]], and he viewed the immigration of Jews to Palestine critically. As a Polish Jew from Warsaw, he was historically confronted with the question of the Jewish fate during Nazi persecution. He exercised social responsibility towards the immigration of European and American Jewish groups to Israel after [[World War II]]. Strictly based on Jewish family doctrine rather than politics and socialism, his former partner Runya Pontsch and his son Israel Zamir immigrated to Palestine in 1938, in order to live a typical [[kibbutz]] life there. In his story ''The Certificate'' (1967), which has autobiographical character, he fictionalizes this question from a time in the mid-1920s when he was himself considering moving to the [[British Mandate Palestine]]. The protagonist of the story decides to leave Palestine, however, to move back into his shtetl. For Singer then, Zionism becomes the "road not taken". However, through his journalistic assignments in late 1955, Singer made his first trip to Israel, accompanied by his wife Alma. Describing the trip to his Yiddish readers, he introduces the world for the first time to the young state of Israel. In a change of mind, he then describes the Land of Israel as a "reality, and part of everyday life." Interestingly enough, he notes the cultural tensions between [[Sephardic]] and [[Ashkenazi]] Jewish people during the boat trip from [[Naples]] to [[Haifa]] and during his stay in the new nation. With the description of Jewish immigration camps in the new land, he foresaw the difficulties and socio-economic tensions in Israel, and hence turned back to his critical views of Zionism. He scrutinized the ideology further, as he was advancing his thought of critical Zionism.<ref>David Stromberg (June 12, 2018 ). [https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/faith-place-isaac-bashevis-singer-israel/ "Faith in Place: Isaac Bashevis Singer in Israel"]. lareviewofbooks.org. Retrieved May 13, 2021.</ref><ref>Sale Roger (November 2, 1975). [https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/02/archives/isaac-bashevis-singer-also-known-as-i-passions.html Isaac Bashevis Singer, also known as 'I'] ''The New Work Times''. Retrieved May 13, 2021.</ref>