Editing Insecticide (section)

=== Genetically modified crops ===
The first [[Genetically modified crops|transgenic crop]], which incorporated an insecticidal PIP, contained a [[gene]] for the [[Delta endotoxins|CRY toxin]] from [[Bacillus thuringiensis]] (B.t.) and was introduced in 1997.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Barry |first1=Jennifer K. |title=Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 65 |last2=Simmons |first2=Carl R. |last3=Nelson |first3=Mark E |publisher=Elsevier |year=2023 |isbn=9780323954662 |editor-last=Jurat-Fuentes |editor-first=Juan Luis |pages=185–233 |chapter=Chapter Five - Beyond Bacillus thuringiensis: New insecticidal proteins with potential applications in agriculture |doi=10.1016/bs.aiip.2023.09.004}}</ref> For the next ca 25 years the only insecticidal agents used in [[Genetically modified organism|GMOs]] were the CRY and VIP toxins from various strains of B.t, which control a wide number of insect types. These are widely used with > 100 million hectares planted with B.t. modified crops in 2019.<ref name=":5" /> Since 2020 several novel agents have been engineered into plants and approved.&nbsp; ipd072Aa from [[Pseudomonas chlororaphis]], ipd079Ea from [[Ophioderma pendulum|Ophioglossum pendulum]], and mpp75Aa1.1 from [[Brevibacillus]] laterosporus code for protein toxins.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) |url=https://www.isaaa.org/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)}}</ref> The trait dvsnf7 is an [[RNA interference|RNAi]] agent consisting of a double-stranded RNA transcript containing a 240 bp fragment of the WCR Snf7 gene of the [[western corn rootworm]] (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Vélez |first1=Ana M. |title=Advances in Insect Physiology |last2=Narva |first2=Ken |last3=Darlington |first3=Molly |last4=Mishra |first4=Swati |last5=Hellmann |first5=Christoph |last6=Rodrigues |first6=Thais B. |last7=Duman-Scheel |first7=Molly |last8=Palli |first8=Subba Reddy |last9=Jurat-Fuentes |first9=Juan Luis |publisher=Academic Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780323954662 |editor-last=Jurat-Fuentes |editor-first=Juan Luis |volume=65 |pages=1–54 |chapter=Chapter One - Insecticidal proteins and RNAi in the control of insects |doi=10.1016/bs.aiip.2023.09.007}}</ref>