Editing Infertility (section)

=== Immune infertility ===
[[Antisperm antibodies]] (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.<ref name=":02">{{cite journal | vauthors = Restrepo B, Cardona-Maya W | title = Antisperm antibodies and fertility association | journal = Actas Urologicas Espanolas | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 571–578 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23428233 | doi = 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.11.003 }}</ref> In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the [[female reproductive tract]], inhibiting capacitation and [[acrosome reaction]], impaired [[Fertilisation|fertilization]], influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the [[embryo]]. The antibodies are classified into different groups: There are IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies. They also differ in the location of the spermatozoon they bind to (head, midpiece, tail). Factors contributing to the formation of antisperm antibodies in women are disturbance of normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, infection, violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes, rape and unprotected oral or anal sex. Risk factors for the formation of antisperm antibodies in men include the breakdown of the [[blood‑testis barrier]], trauma and surgery, orchitis, [[varicocele]], infections, [[prostatitis]], [[testicular cancer]], failure of immunosuppression and unprotected receptive anal or oral sex with men.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfK8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA311|title=Principles & Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology (3 Vols)| vauthors = Rao K |date=2013-09-30|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=9789350907368|language=en}}</ref>